Table 6.
Direct and indirect effects between gratitude and depression through perceived stress and TNF-α.
| Path | Estimate | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||
| Total effect (c) | −0.3072* | −0.5225 | −0.0920 |
| Direct effect (c′) | −0.0625 | −0.2320 | 0.1070 |
| a 1 (Gratitude → Perceived Stress) | −0.3852* | −0.6483 | −0.1221 |
| a 2 (Gratitude → TNF-α) | 0.0589 | −0.0319 | 0.1497 |
| b 1 (Perceived Stress → TNF-α) | 0.0284 | −0.0613 | 0.1181 |
| b 2 (Perceived Stress → Depression) | 0.5781* | 0.4127 | 0.7435 |
| d 1 (TNF-α → Depression) | −0.4599 | −0.9814 | 0.0617 |
| Indirect effects | |||
| a 1 b 2 | −0.2227 | −0.4931 | −0.0293 |
| a 2 d 1 | −0.0271 | −0.0913 | 0.0174 |
| a 1 b 1 d 1 | 0.0050 | −0.0090 | 0.0435 |
| Total indirect effect | −0.2447 | −0.5186 | −0.0398 |
*
p < 0.05 is statistically significant.