Table 1.
Mean ± standard deviation for main study variables divided by gender, region, professional profile, and COVID-19 ward.
| Gender | Region | Professional profiles | COVID wards | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | North | South | Nurses | Physicians | Yes | No | |
| PHE | 20.77 ± 6.50 | 18.77 ± 6.63** | 20.60 ± 6.35 | 18.66 ± 7.23** | 20.08 ± 6.72 | 20.35 ± 6.45 | 20.40 ± 6.55 | 19.82 ± 6.66 |
| DET | 16.94 ± 5.20 | 16.28 ± 4.8 | 16.90 ± 4.83 | 16.22 ± 5.97 | 17.00 ± 5.24 | 16.49 ± 4.92 | 16.96 ± 5.03 | 16.35 ± 5.21 |
| JIN | 14.62 ± 4.90 | 13.37 ± 5.05** | 14.37 ± 4.76 | 13.88 ± 5.67 | 14.08 ± 4.83 | 14.48 ± 5.11 | 14.29 ± 5.080 | 14.23 ± 4.75 |
| DIS | 15.82 ± 7.37 | 15.37 ± 7.09 | 16.02 ± 7.13* | 14.42 ± 7.763 | 15.92 ± 7.52 | 15.45 ± 7.04 | 15.63 ± 7.42 | 15.82 ± 7.05 |
| WOR | 0.41 ± 0.71 | 0.26 ± 0.79* | 0.43 ± 0.711 | 0.14 ± 0.79** | 0.49 ± 0.67 | 0.24 ± 0.78** | 0.48 ± 0.69 | 0.15 ± 0.77*** |
| TEI | 4.96 ± 0.70 | 5.11 ± 0.76* | 4.97 ± 0.70 | 5.12 ± 0.78* | 4.92 ± 0.71 | 5.09 ± 0.72** | 4.98 ± 0.72 | 5.04 ± 0.71 |
| HPS | 6.93 ± 0.4.98 | 6.80 ± 0.5.08 | 7.00 ± 0.4.92 | 6.53 ± 0.5.29 | 6.61 ± 4.95 | 7.21 ± 5.05 | 6.99 ± 0.5.02 | 6.70 ± 4.991 |
PHE, Psychophysical Exhaustion; DET, Deterioration of relations with clients; JIN, Job Ineffectiveness; DIS, Disappointment; WOR, Workload; TEI, trait Emotional Intelligence; HPS, Hopelessness. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.