TABLE 1.
Composition of vitamin A-deficient feed used to determine the impact of lycopene and anthocyanin content on the bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids (α- and β-carotene) from multicolored carrots in male Mongolian gerbils1
| Feed component | Feed (g/kg) |
|---|---|
| Casein (vitamin-free) | 200.0 |
| L-cystine | 3.0 |
| Sucrose | 360.5 |
| Maltodextrin | 120.0 |
| Corn starch | 150.0 |
| Cottonseed oil | 60.0 |
| Cellulose | 60.0 |
| Mineral mix2 | 35.0 |
| Magnesium oxide | 1.75 |
| Calcium phosphate, dibasic | 2.0 |
| Vitamin mix (without choline, A, D, E)3 | 5.0 |
| Choline bitartrate | 2.5 |
| Vitamin D3, cholecalciferol (500,000 IU/g) | 0.0044 |
| Vitamin E, DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (500 IU/g) | 0.242 |
| Dehydrated carrot4,5 | Varied |
Provided by Harlan Teklad, Madison, WI, USA.
AIN-93M-MX (94049) mineral mix [36].
The vitamin mix (83171) provided the following (feed [g/kg]): biotin, 0.08; calcium pantothenate, 13.22; folic acid, 0.4; inositol, 22.02; menadione, 9.92; niacin, 19.82; p-aminobenzoic acid, 22.02; pyridoxine–HCl, 4.4; riboflavin, 4.4; thiamin (81%), 4.4; vitamin B12 (0.1% in mannitol), 5.94; ascorbic acid (97.5 %), 203.32.
In the lycopene study, dehydrated carrot powder from red carrots was added as fortificant (3.5%) to the feeds fed to the 4 treatment groups, which provided 5.59 μg BCE/g feed and the mean lycopene content (nmol/g) of each treatment group’s feed were as follows: high lycopene, 25.7; medium-high lycopene, 19.6; medium-to-low lycopene, 15.3; and low lycopene 9.42.
In the anthocyanin study, dehydrated carrot powder from purple-red carrots was added as a fortificant (1.4%) to the feeds fed to the 4 treatment groups, which provided 7.02 μg BCE/g and 15.9 nmol lycopene/g of feed and the mean anthocyanin contents (μmol/g) of each treatment group’s feed were as follows: high anthocyanin, 0.098; medium-to-high anthocyanin, 0.083; medium-to-low anthocyanin, 0.056; and low anthocyanin, 0.038.