Table 1.
Age-standardized baseline characteristics of participants according to quintiles of total phytoestrogen intake
| Nurses’ Health Study |
Health Professionals Follow-Up Study |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | |
| Participants, n | 15,196 | 15,197 | 15,196 | 8800 | 8801 | 8800 |
| Total phytoestrogens, umol/d | 1.0 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 15.5 (68.2) | 1.2 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.2) | 17.6 (45.9) |
| Age1, y | 49.9 (7.4) | 50.5 (7.2) | 50.2 (6.9) | 53.2 (9.9) | 53.9 (9.7) | 52.2 (9.1) |
| White, % | 97.8 | 98.3 | 96.2 | 96.3 | 96.0 | 89.8 |
| Current smoker, % | 16.2 | 22.9 | 33.5 | 6.2 | 10.0 | 10.7 |
| Alcohol intake, g/d | 5.2 (10.1) | 8.0 (12.0) | 6.9 (11.0) | 9.5 (15.3) | 12.8 (15.9) | 10.3 (13.9) |
| Physical activity (metabolic equivalents of task/week) | 13.5 (18.4) | 14.1 (21.4) | 15.4 (25.6) | 20.4 (28.9) | 21.2 (29.0) | 23.3 (34.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 (5.0) | 25.1 (4.7) | 24.9 (4.6) | 24.8 (4.7) | 25.0 (5.0) | 24.75 (5.1) |
| Family history of myocardial infarction, % | 39.2 | 39.2 | 39.5 | 31.7 | 31.9 | 31.7 |
| Family history of cancer | 45.1 | 44.7 | 44.5 | 25.0 | 25.3 | 24.5 |
| Multivitamin use, % | 37.7 | 36.5 | 38.9 | 41.2 | 41.3 | 45.9 |
| Hypertension, % | 23.4 | 22.1 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.1 | 19.5 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, % | 9.1 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 10.5 | 11.5 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/d | 1722 (537) | 1826 (519) | 1675 (533) | 1978 (625) | 2038 (618) | 1976 (642) |
| Red meats (servings/d) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1 (0.9) |
| Total animal-based foods (servings/d) | 4.6 (2) | 5.0 (2.1) | 4.7 (2.1) | 4.8 (2.2) | 4.9 (2.2) | 4.5 (2.2) |
| Modified alternative health eating index score | 37.4 (9.0) | 38.0 (8.9) | 41.2 (9.4) | 38.7 (9.3) | 39.9 (9.3) | 42.8 (9.1) |
Values were standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
Data are represented as mean (SD), unless otherwise indicated.
1
Values were not age adjusted.