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. 2023 Jan 13;153(3):897–908. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.017

TABLE 5.

Nutrientintake ranges and medians for nutrient intakes per age window for the children studied

Nutrients Window 1 nutrient intake (N = 56) (6–20 mo)
Window 2 nutrient intake (N = 20) (20–30 mo)
Window 3 nutrient intake (N = 35) (30–60 mo)
Dietary reference intakes or adequate intake
min max median min max median min max median EAR AI UL
Macronutrients
 Carbohydrates (g/d) 4 25.9 255 133 71.9 287 178 3.1 296 156 1002 951
 Protein (g/d) 4 1 108 37.2 0.5 82 45.1
 Total fat (g/d) 4 8.8 81.3 35.3 301
 Dietary Fiber (g/d) 4 0.3 22.7 7.8 193
Micronutrients (vitamins)
 Vitamin E α- tocopherol (mg/d) 5 1.3 10.6 3.9 52 51 2002
 Folic acid (μg/d) 0.9 296 97.3
 Folate, DFE (μg/d) 20.9 805 306 1202 801
 Food folate (μg/d) 3.5 300 132
 Niacin (mg/d) 6 0.2 45.9 11.9 52 41
 Retinol (mg/d) 16.7 783 330 0 1000 342
 β-Cryptoxanthin (mg/d) 0 644 48.2
 Vitamin A, RAE (mg/d) 7 30.6 2600 399 2102 5001
 Thiamine (mg/d) 6 0 1.7 0.8 0.42 0.31
 Vitamin B-12 (μg/d) 6 0.1 6.2 2.2 0.72 0.51
 Riboflavin (mg/d) 6 0.3 2.6 1.3 0.42 0.41
 Vitamin B-6 (mg/d) 6 0.2 4 0.9 0.42 0.31
 Vitamin C (mg/d) 5 0.9 154 45.4 0 116 31.9 132/223 501 4002/6503
 Vitamin D (μg/d) 8 0 11.5 3.4 102 101 381/632
 Vitamin K (mg/d) 7 0.2 443 32.9 2.51/302
 Choline (mg/d) 7 0 6.6 1.9 0 8.1 2.8 1501/2002/2503 12,3
Micronutrients (minerals)
 Calcium (mg/d) 8 76.9 1100 667 5002 2601 15001/25002
 Iron (mg/d) 7 0.6 23 8.2 6.91/32 40 1,2
 Magnesium (mg/d) 8 33.2 295 143 652 751 652
 Phosphorus (mg/d) 8 164 1350 731 3802 2751 30002
 Potassium (mg/d) 9 131 3270 1270 7001/30002
 Selenium (mg/d) 5 6.2 150 51.6 172 201 601/902
 Zinc (mg/d) 7 0.2 13 6 2.51,2 51/72
Other compounds
 Gangliosides (mg/d) 0 8.6 0.4 0.1 13 2.3
 Oligofructose (g/d) 0 25 0.4 0 25.9 2.4
 Lycopene (mg/d) 0 13.1 1.6
 Cholesterol (mg/d) 0 404 94.6
 Sphingomyelin (mg/d) 0 18.5 2.4 0 43.9 3.2 0.1 76.6 5.2
Fatty acids
 Hexadecenoic acid (Palmitoleic, 16:1) (g/d) 0 1.1 0.5 0 1.5 0.4
 Eicosenoic acid (20:1) (g/d) 0 0.5 0.1
 Octadecenoic acid (Oleic 18:1) (g/d) 1.1 23.8 12.5
 Docosenoic Erucic 22:1) (g/d) 0 0.1 0
 Total Monounsaturated fatty acids (g/d) 1.1 24.2 11.7
 Octadecadienoic acid (Linoleic, 18:2) (g/d) 0.1 19.3 5.6 4.61/72/103
 Octadecatrienoic acid (α-linolenic acid 18:3) (g/d) 0.1 1.9 0.8 0.51/0.72/0.93
 Octadecatetraenoic (18:4) (g/d) 0 0.1 0
 Eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA, 20:4) (g/d) 0 0.3 0.1 0 0.3 0.1 0 0.2 0.1
 Eicosapentaenoic (EPA 20:5) (g/d) 0 0.1 0
 Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA 22:5) (g/d) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) (g/d) 0 0.2 0 0 0.3 0
 Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/d) 1.3 21.8 7 0.2 22.7 10.6
 Butanoic acid (4:0) (g/d) 0 1.1 0.3
 Hexanoic acid (6:0) (g/d) 0 0.6 0.3
 Octanoic acid (8:0) (g/d) 0 2.2 0.2
 Decanoic acid (10:0) (g/d) 0 1.2 0.3
 Dodecanoic acid (12:0) (g/d) 0 5 0.6
 Tetradecanoic acid (14:0) (g/d) 0.2 3.3 1.4
 Hexadecanoic acid (16:0) (g/d) 0.6 16.4 6
 Octadecanoic acid (18:0) (g/d) 0.3 8.2 2.7
 Total Saturated fatty acids (g/d) 4 4.2 30.8 12.7 As low as possible1,2,3
Phospholipids
 Phosphatidylcholine (g/d) 0 1.2 0.1 0 3.5 0.3 0 3.2 0.4
 Phosphatidylinositol (g/d) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0
 Phosphatidylserine (g/d) 0 0.1 0 0 0.3 0
 Phosphatidylethanolamine (g/d) 0 0.3 0 0 0.7 0.1
Amino acids
 Alanine (g/d) 0 1.4 0.5 0 1.4 0.5
 Aspartic acid (g/d) 0 3.4 1.2 0 3 1.2
 Cystine (g/d) 0 0.3 0.1 0 0.5 0.1
 Glutamic acid (g/d) 0 8.7 3 0 8.4 2.4
 Glycine (g/d) 0 1 0.3 0 1.2 0.4
 Isoleucine (g/d) 0 2.1 0.5 0 1.7 0.5
 Leucine (g/d) 0 3.6 0.9 0 2.9 1
 Lysine (g/d) 0 2.3 0.8 0 2.3 0.7
 Methionine (g/d) 0 1 0.2 0 0.8 0.2
 Phenylalanine (g/d) 0 2 0.6 0 1.7 0.6
 Proline (g/d) 0 4.3 1.1 0 3.3 1
 Serine (g/d) 0 1.7 0.7 0 1.9 0.6
 Threonine (g/d) 0 1.4 0.4
 Tyrosine (g/d) 0 2 0.5 0 1.6 0.5
 Valine (g/d) 0 2.6 0.6 0 2 0.7

AI, adequate intake; DFE, dietary folate equivalent; EAR, estimated average requirement; RAE, retinol activity equivalent; UL, tolerable upper intake level.

1

Recommendations for children aged 7–11 mo.

2

Recommendations for children aged 1–3 y.

3

Recommendations for children aged 4–8 y.

4

All macronutrient Dietary Recommended Intakes are from Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids [54].

5

Dietary Recommended Intakes are from Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids [55].

6

Dietary Recommended Intakes are from Dietary reference intakes for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, folate, vitamin B-12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline [56].

7

Dietary Recommended Intakes are from Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc [57].

8

Dietary Recommended Intakes are from Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride [58].

9

Dietary Recommended Intakes are from Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate [59].