Table 2.
Changes in body weight, hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and healthy eating index score among African American adults randomly assigned to the Healthy US, Mediterranean, or Vegetarian diets for 12 weeks1
| Outcomes | Healthy US group (n = 21) | Mediterranean group (n =22) | Vegetarian group (n = 20) | P-interaction (diet × time)2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delta body weight, kg | −2.4 ± 0.7 (−3.8, −1.0) | −2.6 ± 0.7 (−3.9, −1.3) | −2.4 ± 0.8 (−3.9, −0.8) | 0.97 |
| Delta HbA1c, % | 0.03 ± 0.05 (−0.08, 0.14) | −0.10 ± 0.05 (−0.21, 0.01) | 0.07 ± 0.06 (−0.06, 0.20) | 0.10 |
| Delta systolic BP, mmHg | −5.5 ± 2.73 (−10.8, −0.2) | −3.2 ± 2.5 (−8.3, 1.9) | −2.4 ± 2.9 (−8.2, 3.4) | 0.70 |
| Delta diastolic BP, mmHg | −5.2 ± 1.83 (−8.8, −1.8) | −2.0 ± 1.7 (−5.4, 1.3) | −3.5 ± 1.9 (−7.3, 0.3) | 0.41 |
| Delta HEI score | 7.1 ± 3.2 (0.7, 13.5) | 15.2 ± 3.13,4 (9.0, 21.4) | 4.6 ± 3.4 (−2.1, 11.4) | 0.06 |
| Delta energy intake, kcal/d | −487.3 ± 111.83 (−711.1, −263.5) | −449.9 ± 108.93 (−668.0, −231.8) | −219.6 ± 117.6 (−454.9, 15.7) | 0.22 |
| Delta carbohydrates, g/d | −56.5 ± 14.03,5 (−84.5, −28.4) | −30.6 ± 13.63 (−58.0, -3.2) | 0.2 ± 14.7 (−29.3, 29.8) | 0.03 |
| Delta total fat, g/d | −23.9 ± 6.53 (−40.0, −10.8) | −29.1 ± 6.43 (−41.9, −16.3) | −14.1 ± 6.93 (−27.9, −0.4) | 0.28 |
| Delta protein, g/d | −9.1 ± 7.4 (−23.8, 5.6) | −13.5 ± 7.2 (−27.8, 0.9) | −15.3 ± 7.7 (−30.7, 0.1) | 0.83 |
BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HEI, healthy eating index; US, United States.
1
Values are mean ± SE (95% CI).
2
P values are group x time (df = 2)
3
Significantly different within-group changes (P < 0.05)
4
Significantly different from the vegetarian diet: Difference = −10.6 ± 4.6; 95% CI: −19.7, −1.4; P = 0.02.
5
Significantly different from the vegetarian diet: Difference = 56.7 ± 20.3; 95% CI: 15.9, 97.4; P = 0.01.