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. 2022 Dec 20;117(2):286–297. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.015

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Metabolites upregulated during fasting extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans: lifespan analysis of C. elegans with either no treatment (control) or lifelong exposure to spermidine (200 μM), 1-MNA (500 μM), PEA (10 μM), OEA (10 μM), or a combination of all 4 metabolites (combo). Significant lifespan extension was observed for the spermidine-, PEA-, OEA-, and combo-treated groups but not for the 1-MNA-treated group—spermidine (P = 0.009), 1-MNA (P = 0.697), PEA (P < 0.001), OEA (P < 0.001), combo (P < P < 0.001). The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each treatment group versus the control are as follows: 1) spermidine, HR, 0.672 (95% CI: 0.498, 0.907); 2) 1-MNA, HR, 1.061 (95% CI: 0.789, 1.426); 3) PEA, HR, 0.362 (95% CI: 0.265, 0.493); 4) OEA, HR, 0.418 (95% CI: 0.304, 0.575); and 5) combo, HR, 0.147 (95% CI: 0.107, 0.202). The n of each treatment and control group was 120 worms. Significance was determined using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.