Table 2.
Nuclear magnetic resonance LipoProfile data of the study participants
| Participant characteristic | Baseline (A) | Fed (B) | Fasted (C) | Re-fed (D) | pval_AC | pval_BD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 66.1 ± 16.8 | 68.2 ± 17.5 | 67.7 ± 15.1 | 67.5 ± 15.9 | 0.622 | 0.948 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 77.5 ± 27 | 76.8 ± 29.4 | 85.8 ± 25.1 | 82.2 ± 30.1 | < 0.001 | 0.058 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 94.4 ± 31.6 | 118.6 ± 49.3 | 81.8 ± 17.8 | 84 ± 28 | 0.091 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 163.1 ± 36.3 | 168 ± 39.2 | 166.8 ± 29.2 | 165.2 ± 37 | 0.417 | 0.594 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 86.4 ± 11.4 | 88.4 ± 14.1 | 74.5 ± 9.1 | 97.1 ± 10.3 | < 0.001 | 0.014 |
| Ketone bodies (μmol/L) | 191.6 ± 129.9 | 187.1 ± 160.6 | 2284 ± 1261 | 353.1 ± 334.4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Amino acids (a.u.) | 530.2 ± 52.8 | 537.5 ± 47.7 | 561.1 ± 33.2 | 550.9 ± 43 | < 0.001 | 0.129 |
| LPIR1 | 19.8 ± 13.5 | 22.9 ± 13.1 | 12.7 ± 5.6 | 16.4 ± 8.7 | 0.166 | 0.161 |
| GlycA (μmol/L) | 329.9 ± 54.9 | 325 ± 48.6 | 316.4 ± 43.9 | 317.6 ± 50 | 0.154 | 0.318 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. n = 20. Average nuclear magnetic resonance LipoProfile data from 20 study participants across timepoints. Significance was determined using Tukey’s test, and significance values are given comparing the baseline state (A) with the fasted state (C) and fed state (B) with the re-fed state (D). Elevated ketone body levels in the fasted versus the baseline indicate compliance to fasting. LPIR, Lipoprotein insulin resistance index.
1
LPIR index score from 0 to 100.