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. 2023 Apr 28;4(3):100434. doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100434

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© 2023 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Promoter methylation patterns of orthologous genes are associated with important developmental processes and species traits

(A) This heatmap shows the methylation levels of four groups of gene promoters: consistently hypomethylated, lineage-specifically hypermethylated, lineage-specifically hypomethylated, and consistently hypermethylated.

(B) The functional analysis of consistently hypomethylated gene promoters reveals the enrichment of developmental processes, including cell development, tissue and system development, embryo development, and organism morphogenesis.

(C) Promoters and noncoding sequences with lineage-specific altered methylation patterns exhibit enriched GO annotations (selected from all significant results) associated with species traits. The biological processes in black letters are enriched in the promoters, whereas the biological processes in blue letters are enriched in both the promoters and noncoding sequences.