Table 3.

Mean blood flow velocity and vessel diameter using CDUS and PC-MRI.

	Young		Middle age		Old		p-value
Variables	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Age	Sex	Age×Sex
Color-coded duplex ultrasonography (CDUS)
Velocity (cm/s)
Left-ICA	26 ± 4	30 ± 6	23 ± 4	26 ± 6*	22 ± 5	23 ± 5*	<0.001	0.001	0.180
Right-ICA	26 ± 4	31 ± 5	25 ± 5	27 ± 6*	21 ± 5	24 ± 5*†	<0.001	<0.001	0.289
Left-VA	18 ± 3	20 ± 3	16 ± 3	17 ± 3*	15 ± 4	15 ± 4*†	<0.001	0.023	0.430
Right-VA	15 ± 3	17 ± 3	13 ± 4	15 ± 4*	13 ± 3	14 ± 3*	<0.001	0.008	0.949
Diameter (mm)
Left-ICA	4.5 ± 0.4	4.2 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 0.5	4.1 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.4	4.2 ± 0.4	0.529	<0.001	0.505
Right-ICA	4.4 ± 0.4	4.1 ± 0.3	4.4 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.6	4.6 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.6	0.117	<0.001	0.582
Left-VA	3.1 ± 0.5	3.1 ± 0.4	3.3 ± 0.7	3.1 ± 0.5	3.2 ± 0.7	3.0 ± 0.7	0.683	0.096	0.561
Right-VA	3.0 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.5	3.2 ± 0.6	3.0 ± 0.6	0.054	0.301	0.697
Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI)
Velocity (cm/s)
Left-ICA	23 ± 4	25 ± 4	20 ± 4	22 ± 5*	19 ± 4	19 ± 4*	<0.001	0.050	0.322
Right-ICA	23 ± 4	26 ± 4	22 ± 4	23 ± 5*	20 ± 4	20 ± 4*†	<0.001	0.036	0.096
Left-VA	16 ± 2	18 ± 2	16 ± 4	16 ± 2*	14 ± 2	14 ± 2*†	<0.001	0.146	0.096
Right-VA	16 ± 2	16 ± 2	15 ± 2	14 ± 3*	14 ± 3	13 ± 3*	<0.001	0.360	0.320
Diameter (mm)
Left-ICA	4.7 ± 0.5	4.7 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.5	4.7 ± 0.6	4.7 ± 0.5	4.7 ± 0.4	0.966	0.811	0.919
Right-ICA	4.7 ± 0.4	4.6 ± 0.4	4.5 ± 0.4	4.5 ± 0.5	4.5 ± 0.5	4.7 ± 0.5	0.316	0.549	0.678
Left-VA	3.1 ± 0.5	3.4 ± 0.4	3.2 ± 0.7	3.2 ± 0.5	3.1 ± 0.6	3.0 ± 0.6	0.136	0.462	0.112
Right-VA	2.9 ± 0.6	3.2 ± 0.5	2.8 ± 0.5	2.9 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.6	0.113	0.117	0.534

ICA: internal carotid artery; VA: vertebral artery. Data are mean  ±  standard deviation. Bold values represent p < 0.05. Results from one-way analysis of variance p < 0.05 * vs young; p < 0.05 † vs. middle age. p < 0.05 * vs young; p < 0.05 † vs. middle age.