Figure 3.

Oxidative stress in the liver. (a) 5,5-Dimethyl-1-Pyrroline-N-Oxide (DMPO) was used to detect free radical formation on biomolecules in the liver via western blotting; (b) quantification of DMPO western blot. (c) Xanthine oxidase reductase (XOR) expression was assessed within the liver using western blotting techniques; (d) quantification of XOR western blot. (e) Liver XO activity was measured with HPLC. (f) Liver hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production using CBA assay. *p < 0.05 vs control; ^p < 0.05 vs control + Feb; ^‡p < 0.05 vs. UCMS; ⁺p < 0.05 vs UCMS + Feb; Mean ± SD. n = 4–17 mouse samples/group. Two-way ANOVA with a group-by-drug interaction was performed and when a significant interaction (panel A and F) was established a tukey post-hoc test was explored, otherwise, the main variable effect was reported.