Figure 3.

Regulation of alternative splicing by ncRNAs. Noncoding RNAs including lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and snoRNAs regulate the occurrence of carcinogenesis-related AS events through two main splicing regulatory mechanisms. One way is to interact with the trans-acting factors, comprising acting as "Interactors" or "Hijackers" of SFs, participating in ceRNA regulatory network, encoding functional peptides and modulating chromatin signatures, all of which influence the expression and function of SFs. The second way is ncRNAs form dsRNA duplexes with the cis-acting elements, thus affecting tumorigenesis. The symbols (+) and (-) denote that ncRNAs act as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, respectively.