Table 2.
CircRNAs, miRNAs and snoRNAs involved in the dysregulated alternative splicing events in cancer
| Type | NcRNA | Mechanism | Target genes | Patterns | Biology function | Related diseases or processes | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CircRNA | CircSMARCA5 | combines competitively with SRSF1 | VEGFA pre-mRNA → Iso8a (-) | ES: exon 8 | inhibits angiogenesis | Glioblastoma multiforme | 58 |
| CircURI1 | combines competitively with hnRNPM | VEGFA pre-mRNA → VEGFAe7IN (-) | ES: exon 7 | suppresses cell migration | Gastric cancer | 126 | |
| CircMYH9 | combines competitively with hnRNPA2B1 | p53 pre-mRNA → p53 (-) | / | promotes tumor growth by modulating Serine and glycine metabolism and redox homeostasis | Colorectal cancer | 127 | |
| CIRC-UBR5 | recruits splicing regulatory factor QKI, NOVA1 and U1 SnRNA | / | / | regulates tumor differentiation | Non-small cell lung cancer | 128 | |
| CircRNA100146 | targets miR-361-3p, miR-615-5p and up-regulates SF3B3 expression | / | / | promotes cell proliferation and invasion | Non-small cell lung cancer | 62 | |
| MiRNA | miR-92a | reduces RBM4 expression | PTB pre-mRNA → nPTB | ES: exon 10 (-) | increases the invasion, migration, and mitochondrial activity | Colorectal cancer | 60 |
| miR-193a-3p | reduces SRSF2 expression | BCL-X, caspase 9 pre-mRNA → BCL-XL, caspase 9a | A5SS (exon 2); ES (-) | promotes cisplatin resistance | Gastric cancer | 81 | |
| miR-30a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-216b-5p | decreases SRSF7 expression | SPP1 pre-mRNA → SPP1-c | MXE (exon 3,5) | decreases cell proliferation rate | Renal cancer | 129 | |
| miR-30c | decreases SRSF1 expression | / | / | suppresses cell survival and proliferation | Prostate cancer | 130 | |
| miR-1296 | reduces SFPQ expression | / | / | promotes cell proliferation, invasion, migration | Colorectal cancer | 131 | |
| miR-133b | reduces SF3B4 expression | / | / | promotes cell proliferation and metastasis | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 132 | |
| SnoRNA | SNORD104, SNORD68 | interacts with RBP FUS | pre-snoRNAs → sdRNAs (sdRNA104, sdRNA68) | / | affects cell growth and proliferation | Colorectal cancer | 52 |
| SNORD27 | combines competitively with U1 snRNA and SFs | E2F7 pre-mRNA → E2F7 | ES (exon 12) | regulates E2F7-dependent cell cycle regulation | Cell cycle | 59 | |
| SNORA70E | / | PARPBP-88 pre-mRNA → PARPBP-15 | ES (exon 4) | promotes tumorigenesis and progression | Ovarian cancer | 133 |
* (-) refers to down-regulated AS products of target genes or suppressed AS events.