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. 2023 May 4;10:e42714. doi: 10.2196/42714

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©Chrisogonas Odero Odhiambo, Lukacs Ablonczy, Pamela J Wright, Cynthia F Corbett, Sydney Reichardt, Homayoun Valafar. Originally published in JMIR Human Factors (https://humanfactors.jmir.org), 04.05.2023.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Human Factors, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://humanfactors.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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The long short-term memory cell can process data sequentially and keep its hidden state through time (reproduced from Chevalier [54], which is published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License [55]). c: memory cell; h: hidden state or output vector of the LSTM unit; x: input vector to the LSTM unit; tanh: activation function; subscript t indexes the time step.