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Schematic representation of mRNA degradation. mRNA degradation occurs in the cytoplasm within the ribonucleic complexes called P-bodies, which contain 5'-3'-exonucleases, decapping and deadenylating enzymes. Once the poly(A)-tail is shortened to 12 residues or less, mRNA degradation occurs through cap cleavage and 5'→3' or 3'→5' cleavage [21]. Endonucleases (not shown in the figure) may also be involved in mRNA degradation.
