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Context for the selective photoredox modification of 5caC. (A) Structure of canonical bases and modified cytosines within a DNA strand. (B) The base pairing preferences of cytosine derivatives are altered selectively upon deamination or condensation. (C) A new reaction for the formation of 5,6-dihydrouridine (DHU) from 5caC, involving photochemical activation in the presence of a thiol to achieve reduction and decarboxylation under nonforcing conditions.
