Table 2:
Biomarkers in MCI-AD and MCI-Stable patients.
| Biomarkers | CSF | Plasma | Usefulness in diagnostic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aβ42 | ↓ Levels in AD patients. Smaller effect size than between patients with AD and controls. | No differences. | Recommended use. |
| Aβ40 | No differences. | ↑ Levels in AD patients. Negligible size effect. |
Not really useful. |
| Aβ38 | ↑ Levels in AD patients. Negligible effect size. |
Only two studies published. Small effect size. |
|
| sAPPα | No differences. | Not really useful. | |
| sAPPβ | No differences. | Not really useful. | |
| t-Tau and p-Tau (Thr 181) | ↑ t-Tau and p-Tau levels in AD patients. Large effect size. |
Recommended use. | |
| Neurogranin | ↑ Levels in AD patients. Moderate effect size. |
Promising relative new biomarker. Few studies published. |
|
| YKL-40 | ↑ Levels in AD patients. Moderate effect size. |
Promising relative new biomarker. Few studies published. |