Table 1.

Model parameters used in the vertex model of cell sorting. All parameters are taken or derived from ²⁰, except for the time step (reduced by a factor of two for numerical stability) and split distance (twice the merge distance, to prevent automatic successive vertex split and merge operations). Cell types 1 and 2 correspond to red and white cells shown in Figure 5.

Name	Symbol	Value
Time step	$\mathrm{n}/\mathrm{a}$	0.00250
Merge distance	$\mathrm{n}/\mathrm{a}$	0.100
Split distance	$\mathrm{n}/\mathrm{a}$	0.200
Random force magnitude	$\mathrm{n}/\mathrm{a}$	8.94
Damping coefficient	$M$	1.00
Target area	$A^o\left(1\right),A^o\left(2\right)$	1.00
Area constraint model parameter	${\lambda }^{\mathit{\text{area}}}\left(1\right),{\lambda }^{\mathit{\text{area}}}\left(2\right)$	50.0
Target perimeter	$L^o\left(1\right),L^o\left(2\right)$	$2\sqrt{\pi }$
Perimeter model parameter	${\lambda }^{\mathit{\text{per}}}\left(1\right),{\lambda }^{\mathit{\text{per}}}\left(2\right)$	1.00
Edge tension model parameter: type 1	${\lambda }^{\mathit{\text{ten}}}\left(1\right)$	10.0
Edge tension model parameter: type 2	${\lambda }^{\mathit{\text{ten}}}\left(2\right)$	20.0
Adhesion model parameter: type 1 – type 1 interface	${\lambda }^{\mathit{\text{adh}}}(1,1)$	−18.0
Adhesion model parameter: type 1 – type 2 interface	${\lambda }^{\mathit{\text{adh}}}(1,2)$	−26.0
Adhesion model parameter: type 2 – type 2 interface	${\lambda }^{\mathit{\text{adh}}}(2,2)$	−38.0