Attenuation of liver fibrosis by therapeutic pharmacological CCR2 inhibition with CVC. (A-C) For the treatment experiment, wild-type mice were i.p. injected with CCl4 for 3 weeks, in addition to either 4 dosages of saline (CCl4 group) or CVC (CVC group) per week for another 3 weeks. Mice in the olive oil group were i.p. injected with olive oil for 6 weeks. Liver fibrosis was analyzed by Sirius red staining and IF of collagen I and αSMA (A). The protein levels of CCR2, collagen I, and αSMA were determined by WB (B). The number of CCR2+ immune cells in the liver and peripheral blood was quantified by IF and FCM (A, C), n=6/group. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.