Figure 6.

CD4⁺T and CD8⁺T cells in malignant effusion expressed significantly higher levels of PD-1 than that in blood. The mononuclear cells from malignant effusion and blood were prepared and stained with anti-CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD-1, and assessed by FACS. Gated on CD3⁺CD4⁺T (A) and CD3⁺CD8⁺T cells (B), The representative graph and statistical results for the expression PD-1were shown. Statistical results were shown as mean ± SEM. The statistical significance was determined with the Mann-Whitney U test. *P < 0.05.