. 2023 May 19:1–10. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01253-6

Table 3.

SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC) and spike mutations of interest identified globally, as of 23 February 2023 (https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/country-overviews)

WHO label	Lineage	Spike mutations of interest	Date of first detection	Impact on
WHO label	Lineage	Spike mutations of interest	Date of first detection	Transmissibility	Immunity	Severity
Omicron	BA.2	G142D, N211I, Δ212, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K	November 2021	Increased	Increased	Reduced
Omicron	BA.4	L452R, F486V, R493Q	January 2022	No evidence	Increased	No evidence
Omicron	BA.5	L452R, F486V, R493Q	February 2022	No evidence	Increased	Unclear