Table 1.

Empirical literature on potential impact of music intervention among diabetic patients

Ref.	Year	Duration	Study objectives	Method/sample	Results
Cioca[13]	2013	Not specified	To determine the impact of music intervention on reduction of glycaemia (glucose) among diabetic patients and healthy peoples	Randomised controlled experimental research design using criterion sampling to sample 120 participants	This study revealed that hypoglycemic role of classic music for DM2 patients decreased the patients’ glucose levels
Pillai and Dave[15]	2018	A day	To establish the effect of Indian classical music on blood sugar level of DM2 and non-diabetic patients	Quasi-experimental controlled trial using criterion sampling technique to sample 100 participants	There was a significant reduction in the blood sugar of the selected participants, but not significant when compared to other groups
Rao and Nagendra[16]	2014	A day	The main purpose of this study was to compare the difference of the effect of active and silent music intervention on the autonomous balance of diabetic patients	Repeated measure of pre-post design was used in a sample of 42 participants	It was revealed that silent music was more bore compare to active music; active music led to significant change in the parameter towards enhancement of health status of patients which could be more helpful in achieving autonomous balance of the diabetic patients
Deshkar et al[17]	2022	A day	To evaluate the effect of music therapy on heart rate variability among diabetic patients	Pure experimental research using criterion sampling procedure sample 30 diabetic patients	It was revealed that music intervention lessened the heart rate. The difference was statistically significant
Sastra and Reni[18]	2022	7 d	The main purpose was to examine the effect of Salaung Indonesian music on reducing stress of DM2 patients	Quasi-experimental one-group pretest-post-test using criterion sampling procedure was used to sample 20 participants	The study revealed that Indonesian traditional music is effective in reducing patient stress level
Ji et al[19]	2015	6 mo	The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy with lower exercise on elderly patient with diabetes compliance with lower exercise and blood circulation	Randomised control trial using criterion sampling procedure was adopted to sample 72 participants	The study affirmed that music intervention with lower extremity exercise can both enhance the extent of exercise compliance of elderly patients as well as improve blood circulation in their feet among elderly patients

DM2: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.