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. 2023 May 5;10:1143682. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143682

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Copyright © 2023 Singh and Bhardwaj.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The uptake of β-glucan polysaccharides by macrophages and subsequent actions of β-glucan- oligosaccharides on immune cells. β-glucans are captured by macrophages through Dectin-1/TLR-2/6. The polysaccharides form of β-glucans gets internalized by the macrophages. Afterward, those are fragmented into oligosaccharides, which are subsequently released from macrophages. The circulating granulocytes eventually take these oligosaccharides by the complement receptor (CR)-3. The immune response will then be turned on and will be released by several monoclonal antibodies. Those released monoclonal antibodies have destroyed monoclonal antibody-tagged tumor cells. Images were prepared in BioRender.