Table II.

Long-term complications of patients with sinonasal malignancies.

Complications	All patients (n = 77)	Surgery alone (n = 17)	Surgery with adjuvant RT (n = 31)	Surgery with adjuvant CRT (n = 16)	Definitive RT / CRT (n = 13)	P
Long-term complications, no. (%)	41(53)	2(12)	20 (64.5)	12(75)	7(54)	0.001*
Orbital-related†	16(21)	0	10(32)	5(31)	1(8)	0.013*
Chronic rhinosinusitis	16(21)	2(12)	6(19)	5(31)	3(23)	0.558
Intranasal synechiae	10(13)	0	5(16)	2 (12.5)	3(23)	0.219
Ocular-related‡	8(10)	0	5(16)	2 (12.5)	1(8)	0.354
Dysphagia	7(9)	0	1(3)	2 (12.5)	4(31)	0.013*
Osteoradionecrosis	5 (6.5)	0	3(10)	1(6)	1(8)	0.705
Trismus	4(5)	0	1(3)	3(19)	0	0.084
Hyposmia	4(5)	0	1(3)	2 (12.5)	1(8)	0.3
Cranial nerve neuropathy	3(4)	0	0	2 (12.5)	1(8)	0.077
Dermatitis/hyperpigmentation	3(4)	0	1(3)	1(6)	1(8)	0.581
Hypothyroidism	2(3)	0	1(3)	1(6)	0	0.82
RT: radiotherapy; CRT: chemoradiotherapy. * Statistically significant. † Orbital-related complications included epiphora, chronic pain, ptosis, diplopia, ectropion. ‡ Ocular-related complications included visual acuity impairment, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, retinal detachment and cataract.