TABLE 2.

Applications of nucleic acid detection based on CRISPR-Cas systems.

Detection system	Signal output	Target	Sensitivity	Advantage	Combined technology
dCas9	Fluorescence	Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus	10 cfu/mL	Without PCR amplification or gene purification steps	FISH
Cas9	Fluorescence	Listeria Monocytogenes	0.82 a.m.	Fast	EXPAR
Cas13a	Fluorescence	Vibrio Parahemolyticus	Molecule/Reaction	Lower cost of enzyme	RAA
DETECTR	Fluorescence	HPV16/18	aM	Single-base mismatch specificity, without transcription	RPA
SHERLOCK	Fluorescence	Virus, bacteria, genotype human DNA	zM	High sensitivity and single-base mismatch specificity	T7 transcription and RPA
SHERLOCKv2	Fluorescence	Virus, bacteria, genotype human DNA	10 copies of DNA	Multiplexing, visual readout	RPA
Cdetection	Fluorescence	HPV16/18	aM	Single-base mismatch specificity	RPA
HOLMES	Fluorescence	JEV, RPV	aM	Single-base mismatch specificity, without transcription	PCR