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. 2023 May 19;18(5):e0286070. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286070

Fig 6. The effects of gut microbiota presence on the expression of developmental genes.

Fig 6

Vg or JHE in the heads and abdomens of 14-day-old workers fed a pollen diet. MD = microbiota deficient bees, CV = bees colonized with conventional microbiota, DC = bees fed a defined community of cultured bee gut isolates. (A-B) The first experimental trial showing the relative expression of Vg in the heads and abdomens of DC and MD bees (n = 7 per condition per tissue). (C-D) The second experimental trial showing the relative expression of Vg in the heads and abdomens of CV, DC, and MD bees. (E-F) Relative expression of JHE from heads (in the first trial only) and abdomens of sampled bees. (G-H) Relative expression of JHE from heads (in the second trial only) and abdomens of sampled bees. Each boxplot represents n = 7 samples per condition per tissue. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, Mann- Whitney Wilcoxon test for 2 category tests and for 3 category test: post hoc pairwise comparisons using Tukey and Kramer (Nemenyi) test with Tukey distribution approximation for independent samples following Kruskal-Wallis.