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. 2023 May 16;10(5):ENEURO.0429-22.2023. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0429-22.2023

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Copyright © 2023 Sharma et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 2. — Representative stimulation amplitude versus signal relationships (“dose responses”) of spinal potentials across epidural electrode contracts. The schematic at the lower right side of each panel shows the relative orientation and polarity of the stimulating electrodes (“Stim”), for a proximal cathode (A, blue) or proximal anode (B, orange) stimulation polarity, as well as the recording electrodes (“Recording”). Each panel shows the average evoked response from 20 low-frequency pulses (40-μs pulse width). The top right inset in each panels magnifies the spinal response from 0 to 1.5 ms. Stimulation intensity is reflecting in gray scale (350 μA, lightest gray; to 500 μA, darkest gray). Identified components of the response are labeled for 500 μA, when observable, as P1, N1, P2, N2, and S1. A1, Dose response for cathode proximal stimulation with A versus B recording. A2, Dose response for cathode proximal stimulation with B versus C recording. A3, Dose response for cathode proximal stimulation with C versus D recording. B1, Dose response for anode proximal stimulation with A versus B recording. B2, Dose response for anode proximal stimulation with B versus C recording. B3, Dose response for anode proximal stimulation with C versus D recording. Please refer to Extended Data Figure 2-1 for the dose response for ECAP and ESAP. ECAP- Evoked Compound Action Potential; ESAP - Evoked Synaptic Activity Potential; P1, N1, P2 - ECAP waveforms; S1- ESAP waveform. The sign ‘-’ indicates the inversion of the waveform (-S1). Figure Contributions: Mahima Sharma and Vividha Bhaskar performed the experiments. Mahima Sharma and Vividha Bhaskar analyzed the data. Nigel Gebodh contributed graphics.