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. 2023 May 16;10(5):ENEURO.0429-22.2023. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0429-22.2023

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Copyright © 2023 Sharma et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 4. — Simultaneous intraspinal and epidural recordings evoked with cortical and epidural spinal stimulation from the same rat. A1, Rat model depicting location of different electrodes (both stimulating and recording, with 4 electrodes in total; Fig. 1D). A2, Cross section of spinal cord with intraspinal electrode inserted transversely into the left side at a distance of 350 ± 70 μm from the epidural recording lead placed over the dorsal column with B and C (blue) as active recording electrodes. Intraspinal electrode array allows for recording from different sites: dorsal sector (Channel 28, blue), intermediate sector (Channel 32, black; intermediate sector), and upper ventral sector (Channel 31, red; upper ventral sector). Each panel shows the average evoked response from stimulation with 20 low-frequency pulses (200-μs pulse width) during different current intensities and conditions. B, Epidural spinal stimulation at (B1) 200 μA, (B2) 400 μA, (B3) 400 μA, 15 min after CNQX. Epidural recordings (gray) are magnified 20 times for better comparison. The top right insets in all panels show the spinal response from 0.5 to 2.7 ms after initiation of stimulation artifact. C, Epidural cortical stimulation at (C1) 2 mA, (C2) 4 mA, (C3) 4 mA, 15 min after CNQX. Epidural recordings (black) are magnified 50 times for better comparison. The top right insets in all panels show the spinal response from 0.5 to 2.7 ms after initiation of stimulation artifact. CNQX- a competitive AMPAR antagonist.Figure Contributions: Mahima Sharma and Lillian Yang performed the experiments. Mahima Sharma and Nigel Gebodh analyzed the data.