Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of survival and death patients in the training cohort.
| Survived (n = 973) | Death (n = 666) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients background | |||
| Age (year) | 56.0 (50.0, 62.0) | 57.0 (50.0, 64.0) | 0.054 |
| Sex (male) | 754 (77.5) | 535 (80.3) | 0.169 |
| Family history of HCC | 106 (10.9) | 55 (8.8) | 0.236 |
| Cirrhosis | 775 (79.6) | 531 (79.7) | 0.182 |
| Smoking | 432 (44.4) | 315 (47.3) | 0.251 |
| Alcohol consumption | 415 (42.6) | 320 (48.0) | 0.027 |
| Hypertension | 244 (25.1) | 191 (28.7) | 0.104 |
| Diabetes | 195 (20.0) | 179 (26.9) | 0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| HBeAg (positive) | 308 (31.6) | 196 (29.4) | 0.241 |
| MELD score | 7.7 (6.7, 9.7) | 11.3 (8.6, 15.7) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 28.9 (19.9, 44.3) | 38.6 (23.8, 64.0) | 0.002 |
| AST (U/L) | 30.7 (23.1, 48.1) | 62.2 (38.4, 121.1) | <0.001 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 16.2 (11.3, 24.4) | 30.4 (17.3, 56.8) | <0.001 |
| ALB (g/L) | 37.7 ± 6.3 | 32.6 ± 6.3 | <0.001 |
| γ-GGT (U/L) | 40.8 (23.4, 81.2) | 121.0 (51.5, 231.9) | <0.001 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 92.2 (60.3, 142.0) | 101.4 (64.0, 157.8) | <0.001 |
| INR | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | <0.001 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 67.0 (58.0, 76.7) | 68.0 (58.0, 81.8) | <0.001 |
| AFP (ng/mL) (≥400) | 124 (12.7) | 272 (40.8) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils (×109/L) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.2) | 3.4 (2.2,5.2) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | <0.001 |
| Monocytes (×109/L) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) | 0.011 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.7 (3.2, 4.3) | 3.4 (2.8, 4.2) | 0.029 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.376 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.004 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.6, 2.6) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) | 0.140 |
| NHR | 2.2 (1.4, 3.5) | 4.3 (2.3, 9.5) | <0.001 |
| MHR | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 0.5 (0.3,1.0) | 0.011 |
| LHR | 1.2 (0.7, 1.7) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.2) | <0.001 |
| Child Pugh class | <0.001 | ||
| A | 712 (73.2) | 170 (25.5) | |
| B | 203 (20.9) | 253 (38.0) | |
| C | 58 (5.9) | 243 (36.5) | |
| Tumor–related indicators | |||
| Tumor multiplicity (multiple) | 303 (31.1) | 450 (67.5) | <0.001 |
| Tumor size, cm (≥ 5) | 212 (21.8) | 323 (48.4) | <0.001 |
| BCLC stage | <0.001 | ||
| 0–A | 498 (51.2) | 66 (9.9) | |
| B | 404 (41.5) | 135 (20.3) | |
| C | 34 (3.5) | 258 (38.7) | |
| D | 37 (3.8) | 207 (31.1) | |
| Types of treatment | <0.001 | ||
| Resection | 138 (14.2) | 13 (1.9) | |
| Minimally invasive | 817 (84.0) | 308 (46.2) | |
| Palliative | 18 (1.8) | 345 (51.8) |
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; ALB, albumin; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; PLT, platelet count; Cr, creatinine; INR, international normalized ratio; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NHR, neutrophil to HDL-C ratio; MHR, monocyte to HDL-C ratio; LHR, lymphocyte to HDL-C ratio; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.