Table 2.

Reported cases of IE caused by Gemella morbillorum from 2010 to 2021

References	Country	Age/gender	Pathogen detection	The duration of antimicrobial therapy	Valve replacement	Valve type	Valves involved	Risk factors	Survival outcome
Desai et al., 2021 [12]	USA	72/male	MALDI-TOF	After 2 weeks of vancomycin treatment, it was changed to cefazolin treatment for 4 weeks	Mitral and aortic valve	Natural valve	Mitral, aorticn and pulmonary valves	Not explained	Alive
Tanveer et al., 2021 [13]	USA	48/male	Blood culture	Ceftriaxone was initiated for a 6-week duration	Mitral valve	Natural valve	Mitral valve	This patient did not have known predisposing conditions	Alive
Patel et al., 2021 [14]	USA	56/female	Blood culture	Ceftriaxone was initiated for a 6-week duration	No	Prosthetic valve	Aortic valve	Poor dentition and underlying cardiac pathologies	Alive
Dogan et al., 2020 [15]	Turkey	37/male	MALDI-TOF	Ceftriaxone was initiated for a 6-week duration	Mitral and aortic valve	Natural valve	Aortic valve	Bicuspid aorta	Alive
Spaeth et al., 2020 [16]	USA	23/male	MALDI-TOF	Gentamicin and ampicillin for 31 days	Mitral and aortic valve	Natural valve	Aortic and mitral valves	Dental caries	Alive
Lee et al., 2019 [17]	USA	33/male	Not explained	Not explained	Pulmonary and aortic valve	Natural valve	Aortic and pulmonary valves	Congenital heart defect	Not explained
Rehman et al., 2019 [18]	USA	34/male	Blood culture	Not explained	Pulmonary and aortic valve	Natural valve	Aortic and pulmonary valves	This patient did not have known predisposing conditions	Not explained
Li et al., 2017 [19]	China	28/male	Blood culture	Ceftriaxone for 5 weeks and vancomycin for 1 week	Pulmonary valve	Natural valve	Pulmonary valve	Congenital ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and double-chambered right ventricle	Alive
Shinha, 2017 [20]	USA	37/male	Blood culture	Not explained	Not explained	Natural valve	Aortic valve	A history of intravenous drug abuse	Not explained
Rosa et al., 2015[8]	Brazil	72/male	Blood culture	After 1 day of ceftriaxone with gentamicin, it was changed to penicillin G with gentamicin treatment for 27 days	Mitral valve	Natural valve	Mitral valve	Previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery	Deceased
Constantinos et al., 2015 [21]	Cyprus	80/female	Blood culture	Ceftriaxone for 6 weeks and gentamycin for 2 weeks	No	Prosthetic valve	Tricuspid valve	History of aortic valve replacement	Alive
Ural et al., 2014 [22]	Turkey	67/male	Blood culture	After 3 weeks of ampicillin/sulbactam with gentamicin, it was changed to meropenem and vancomycin treatment for 1 week	Not explained	Natural valve	Not explained	Not explained	Alive
Shahani, 2014 [23]	USA	73/male	16S rRNA	Penicillin G with gentamicin for 6 weeks	Aortic valve	Prosthetic valve	Aortic valve	Poor dentition and underlying cardiac pathologies	Alive
Kolhari et al., 2014 [24]	India	34/female	Blood culture	Crystalline penicillin and levofloxacin for 2 weeks	Mitral valve	Natural valve	Mitral valve	Asymptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and had undergone dental extraction	Alive
Taimur et al., 2010 [25]	Pakistan	31/female	Blood culture	Ceftriaxone for 6 weeks and gentamycin for 2 weeks	No	Natural valve	Aortic valve	A congenitally bicuspid aortic valve and had undergone repair of a large aortic aneurysm	Alive
Massoure et al., 2010 [9]	Djibouti	22/male	Blood culture	Amoxicillin and gentamycin (no treatment time)	No	Natural valve	Aortic valve	Dental caries and periodontitis	Deceased
This case	China	37/male	mNGS and blood culture	Netilmycin with cefatriaxone for 1 week	Not explained	Natural valve	Aortic valve	Dental surgery	Alive