Table 2.
|
Model A | Model B | Model C | Model D | ||||||
|
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
Near visionb |
|
<.001 |
|
N/Ac |
|
N/A |
|
<.001 | ||
|
Highest tertile (good) | 1 (N/A) |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
|
|
Average | 1.03 (0.74-1.44) |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
0.95 (0.67-1.33) |
|
|
|
Lowest tertile (poor) | 2.11 (1.53-2.90) |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
1.90 (1.36-2.66) |
|
|
Distant visionb |
|
<.001 |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
.004 | ||
|
Highest tertile (good) | 1 (N/A) |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
|
|
Average | 1.14 (0.83-1.56) |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
1.10 (0.75-1.62) |
|
|
|
Lowest tertile (poor) | 1.83 (1.31-2.56) |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
1.81 (1.21-2.71) |
|
|
The chair stand test |
|
N/A |
|
.08 |
|
N/A |
|
.14 | ||
|
Highest tertile (good) | N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
|
|
Average | N/A |
|
1.32 (0.98-1.77) |
|
N/A |
|
1.33 (0.99-1.80) |
|
|
|
Lowest tertile (poor) | N/A |
|
1.45 (1.02-2.05) |
|
N/A |
|
1.33 (0.90-1.96) |
|
|
Hand grip strength |
|
N/A |
|
.87 |
|
N/A |
|
.77 | ||
|
Highest tertile (good) | N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
|
|
Average | N/A |
|
1.07 (0.80-1.43) |
|
N/A |
|
1.08 (0.80-1.46) |
|
|
|
Lowest tertile (poor) | N/A |
|
1.08 (0.75-1.54) |
|
N/A |
|
0.96 (0.67-1.39) |
|
|
Abduction of the upper arms | N/A |
|
<.001 |
|
N/A |
|
.002 | |||
|
Normal | N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
|
|
Restricted or failed | N/A |
|
2.26 (1.58-3.22) |
|
N/A |
|
1.91 (1.28-2.85) |
|
|
Word list memoryd |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
<.001 |
|
<.001 | ||
|
Highest tertile (good) | N/A |
|
N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
|
|
Average | N/A |
|
N/A |
|
2.02 (1.40-2.91) |
|
2.04 (1.41-2.97) |
|
|
|
Lowest tertile (poor) | N/A |
|
N/A |
|
4.13 (2.94-5.79) |
|
3.77 (2.65-5.36) |
|
|
Word list recalld |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
<.001 |
|
<.001 | ||
|
Good or average | N/A |
|
N/A |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
1 (N/A) |
|
|
|
Poor | N/A |
|
N/A |
|
2.43 (1.73-3.43) |
|
2.12 (1.48-3.02) |
|
aAll analyses were adjusted for age and sex.
bTo avoid multicollinearity, near vision and distant vision were analyzed in separate analyses.
cN/A: not applicable.
dTo avoid multicollinearity, word list memory and word list recall were analyzed in separate analyses.