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. 2023 May 20;21:159. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-01900-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Characterization of CNPs, Intracellular uptake of CpG ODN by DCs and activation of DCs. (A) TEM (transmission electron microscopy) imaging of CNPs. (B) DLS (dynamic light scattering) analysis. (C) Fluorescent imaging of intracellular uptake of FITC-labeled CpG ODN by DCs. (D) Expression of MHC-II analyzed by flow cytometry. (E) Expression of CD40 analyzed by flow cytometry. (F) Expression of CD80 and CD86 analyzed by flow cytometry. (G) Secretion of IL-6 and IL12P40. Data are presented as means ± s. d. Statistical significance was calculated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). (n = 3), **, P < 0.01 ***, P < 0.001