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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023 Jan 9;20(6):418–428. doi: 10.1038/s41569-022-00818-2

Table 1 ∣.

Previous reports of amyloid deposits in valvular tissue

Study Number
of surgical
valves		 Valve type (n) Specimen type Number of
valves with
amyloid		 Type of
amyloid		 Ref.
Goffin et al. (1980) 226 Aortic (106), mitral (107), tricuspid (13) Any valvulopathy: post-inflammatory, congenital, sclerotic, mucoid, unknown 33 Not defined 9
Iwata et al. (1982) 131 Aortic (59), mitral (67), tricuspid (5) All surgically resected valves 58 Negative for AA, AL 20
Cooper et al. (1983) 152 Aortic (90), mitral (60), pulmonary (2) All surgically resected valves 81 Not defined 21
Ladefoged et al. (1984) 100 Aortic (51), mitral (49) All surgically resected valves 67 Not defined 24
Kristen et al. (2010) 150 Aortic (119), mitral (31) All surgically resected valves 83 Negative for AL, AA, β2M, TTR; weak apoA-I staining 22
Audet et al. (2012) 70 Aortic (70) All surgically resected valves for calcific aortic valve disease with stenosis 70 Positive for apoA-I; other types not tested 23

AA, amyloid A; AL, amyloid immunoglobulin light chain; ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I; β2M (beta-2 microglobulin); TTR, transthyretin.