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. 2023 May 16;16:2089–2119. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S400447

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© 2023 Tian et al.

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MSCs regulate the function of all immune cells in the intestinal tract.

Notes: MSCs inhibit inflammatory M1 macrophages and promote their transformation to M2 phenotype. MSCs inhibit the maturation of DC and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and IL-12 by DC. In addition, MSC can secrete PEG2, IL-10, TGF-β, inducible, IDO and IL-6 to inhibit the proliferation of T cells and NK cells, thus reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines in Th1 and Th17, and inhibit immune response and inflammation.

Abbreviations: IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; DCs, dendritic cells; MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells.