Table 2.

Cortisol and cytokine responses to an intravenous dose of 0.25 µg lipopolysaccharide/kg body weight in beef steers

Item	Pre-challenge1	Maximum	Minimum	SEM2	Max. hour	Min. hour	Δ%3	P-value4
Cortisol, ng/mL	12.4	48.9	11.1	3.01	1	0	294	<0.01
Cytokines, pg/mL
IFN-αA	82	176	40	35.8	3	6	113	<0.01
IFN-γ	233	372	117	40.4	3	6	60	<0.01
IL-13	1150	1807	599	218.9	3	6	57	<0.01
IL-1α	47	97	24	10.8	3	6	107	<0.01
IL-1F5	77	170	40	17.2	3	6	119	<0.01
IL-21	314	824	155	85.8	3	6	162	<0.01
IP-10	415	558	269	56.4	3	6	35	<0.01
MIG	247	818	217	65.2	3	6	232	<0.01
MIP-1β	32	291	20	15.5	3	−2	803	<0.01
TNF-α	661	1433	393	133.3	1	6	117	<0.01
aFGF	732	1013	621	259.5	3	6	38	0.32
bFGF	8	14	2	4.0	−2	4	−76	0.43
GASP-1	56	116	41	18.2	2	0	107	<0.01
IGF-1	167	325	108	129.5	8	4	95	0.68
IL-2	2611	3331	1892	927.1	0	−2	28	0.30
IL-4	235	307	221	97.6	8	0	30	0.76
IL-15	2,738	3,510	1,941	947.7	3	6	28	0.01
MCP-1	31,947	36,741	20,822	8,709.1	0	6	−35	0.21
NCAM1	8,679	8,908	6,880	570.6	−2	6	−21	<0.01
VEGF	563	1,035	413	482.0	8	0	84	0.08
ANG1	30	47	26	10.7	4	0	54	0.12
CD40L	7,702	10,054	5,611	3,245.8	2	6	31	0.07
Decorin	564	695	474	28.1	1	8	23	<0.01
IFN-β	219	369	204	46.3	2	0	68	0.02
IL-1β	290	383	275	48.4	2	0	32	<0.01
IL-10	473	975	433	179.2	4	8	106	<0.01
IL-17A	180	250	158	38.3	2	0	39	<0.01
IL-18	1,152	3,710	888	345.9	2	8	222	<0.01
LIF	565	821	506	372.7	8	6	−10	0.06
RANTES	144	1,772	128	79.3	3	−2	1,127	<0.01

¹Average of hours −2 and 0.

²Pooled standard error of the least squares mean.

³Percentage change between the peak value observed and the pre-challenge value.

⁴Observed significance level for the hour comparison.