Figure 1.

Visualization of methylated probes. (a) Manhattan and (b) quantile–quantile plots of the epigenome-wide association study for CKD progression. (c) Volcano plot showing differentially methylated CpG sites. The x-axis presents the M-value of the difference in signal intensity between the primary outcome for each probe. The y-axis represents the -log10 (P-value). Significant CpG sites (FDR < 0.05 and |∆ M-value|> 0.30) are highlighted in red and green. CpG sites highlighted as red and blue are those that were hypermethylated and hypomethylated compared to the non-progression, respectively. FDR, false discovery rate.