Table 1.
Demographic, oxygen saturation, light scattering and absorbance parameters, and neurocognitive measures in healthy controls and post-COVID-19 participants (mean ± SD)
| Healthy control (mean ± SD) n = 17 | Post-COVID-19 participants (mean ± SD) n = 34 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 36.2 ± 13.4 | 40.4 ± 13.4 | 0.309 |
| Sex (% female) | 53 | 77 | |
| SaO2(%) | 97.2 ± 1.2 | 96.7 ± 1.4 | 0.214 |
| HR (BPM) | 67.5 ± 8.0 | 71.5 ± 11.7 | 0.163 |
| Tympanic temp (oC) | 36.8 ± 0.3 | 37.0 ± 0.4 | 0.206 |
| TOMM (/50) | 49.4 ± 0.7 | 49.3 ± 0.8 | 0.629 |
| StO2 (%) | 63.1 ± 3.4 | 60.1 ± 6.9 | 0.037 |
| THb (uM) | 49.8 ± 11.1 | 43.4 ± 10.2 | 0.053 |
| HbO (uM) | 31.8 ± 8.3 | 26.2 ± 7.5 | 0.028 |
| HHb (uM) | 18.1 ± 3.2 | 17.1 ± 4.9 | 0.407 |
| µs at 690 (cm−1) | 10.8 ± 1.4 | 9.7 ± 1.5 | 0.015 |
| µs at 824 (cm−1) | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 8.3 ± 1.3 | 0.018 |
| µa at 690 (cm−1) | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.173 |
| µa at 824 (cm−1) | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.049 |
| SDMT-oral z-score | 0.98 ± 1.08 | − 0.62 ± 1.20 | < 0.001 |
| COWAT-FAS z-score | − 0.02 ± 0.62 | − 0.61 ± 0.90 | 0.010 |
| COWAT-Animals z-score | 0.29 ± 0.51 | − 0.26 ± 1.02 | 0.016 |
| PASAT z-score | 0.33 ± 0.68 | − 0.42 ± 0.84 | 0.002 |
HR heart rate, HbO oxyhemoglobin, HHb deoxyhemoglobin, THb total hemoglobin, PASAT paced auditory serial addition test, SDMT symbol digit modality test, StO2 microvascular tissue oxyhemoglobin saturation, TOMM test of memory malingering, µs scattering coefficient, µa absorption coefficient