Table 2.

Healthy controls compared with post-COVID-19 participants sub-divided into normoxic and hypoxic groups

	Healthy control (mean ± SD) (n = 17)	Normoxic post-COVID-19 (mean ± SD) (n = 26)	Hypoxic post-COVID-19 (mean ± SD) (n = 8)	Healthy control vs. normoxic post-COVID-19 p value	Healthy control vs. hypoxic post-COVID-19 p value	Normoxic post-COVID-19 vs. Hypoxic post-COVID-19 p value
Age (years)	36.2 ± 13.4	37.5 ± 13.0	49.6 ± 10.6	N/A	N/A	N/A
SaO2 (%)	97.2 ± 1.2	96.7 ± 1.4	96.6 ± 1.4	N/A	N/A	N/A
HR (BPM)	67.5 ± 8.0	71.8 ± 11.9	70.5 ± 12.1	N/A	N/A	N/A
Tympanic temp (°C)	36.8 ± 0.3	36.9 ± 0.4	36.9 ± 0.3	N/A	N/A	N/A
TOMM (/50)	49.4 ± 0.7	49.3 ± 0.8	49.4 ± 0.8	N/A	N/A	N/A
StO2 (%)	63.1 ± 3.4	62.8 ± 4.0	50.9 ± 6.7	> 0.999	< 0.001	< 0.001
THb (uM)	49.8 ± 11.1	43.9 ± 9.2	41.6 ± 13.6	N/A	N/A	N/A
HbO (uM)	31.7 ± 8.3	27.8 ± 7.0	21.1 ± 7.2	0.028	0.005	0.081
HHb (uM)	18.1 ± 3.2	16.1 ± 2.9	20.5 ± 8.2	N/A	N/A	N/A
µs at 690 (cm−1)	10.8 ± 1.4	9.5 ± 1.5	10.4 ± 1.2	0.018	> 0.999	0.550
µs at 824 (cm−1)	9.2 ± 1.2	8.2 ± 1.3	8.7 ± 1.0	0.025	0.795	> 0.999
µa at 690 (cm−1)	0.12 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.04	N/A	N/A	N/A
µa at 824 (cm−1)	0.12 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.03	N/A	N/A	N/A
SDMT-oral z-score	0.98 ± 1.08	− 0.69 ± 1.30	− 0.36 ± 0.79	< 0.001	0.037	0.790
COWAT-FAS z-score	− 0.02 ± 0.62	− 0.64 ± 0.93	− 0.49 ± 0.81	N/A	N/A	N/A
COWAT-animals z-score	0.29 ± 0.51	− 0.37 ± 1.05	0.18 ± 0.83	0.050	0.963	0.302
PASAT z-score	0.33 ± 0.68	− 0.33 ± 0.85	− 0.76 ± 0.75	0.029	0.010	0.415

Significant (p ≤ 0.05) post hoc analysis was carried out where there were significant differences between groups (one-way ANOVA p ≤ 0.05). N/A indicates the ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis was not significant. Tukey HSD test was used where parameters were normally distributed, otherwise Dunn test was computed

N/A: not applicable, as the one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test carried out showed no significant differences between healthy control, and normoxic and hypoxic groups