Table 5.

Risk Factors for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Criteria for Testing for Diabetes Mellitus in Asymptomatic Adults^a

Age ≥35 ywithout other risk factors First-degree relative with diabetes History of CVD Overweight or obeseb Sedentary lifestyle Member of an at-risk racial or ethnic group: Asian, African American, Hispanic, Native American (Alaska Natives and American Indians), or Pacific Islander HDL-C <35 mg/dL (0.90 mmol/L) and/or a triglyceride level >250 mg/dL (2.82 mmol/L) IGT, IFG, and/or metabolic syndrome PCOS Acanthosis nigricans NAFLD Hypertension (BP >140/90 mm Hg) or on therapy for hypertension History of gestational diabetes mellitus or delivery of a baby weighing more than 4 kg (9 lb) Antipsychotic therapy for schizophrenia and/or severe bipolar disease Sleep disorders including OSA, chronic sleep deprivation, and night-shift occupation

Abbreviations: A1C = hemoglobin A1c; BP = blood pressure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IFG = impaired fasting glucose; IGT = impaired glucose tolerance; NAFLD = nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome

^aSource: US Preventive Services Task Force, Davidson KW, Barry MJ, et al. Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: Us preventive services task force recommendation statement. Jama. 2021;326(8):736–743. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.12531 [EL 4; NE].

^bTesting should be considered in all adults who are obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m²), and those who are overweight (BMI 25 to <30 kg/m² or >23 kg/m² in Asian Americans) and have additional risk factors.