Table 3.

Outcomes of craniosynostosis surgery in relation to other variables

			Whitaker classification
Variable			I	II	III	P
Types of craniosynostosis n(%)
Anterior plagiocephaly			8(50)	7(43.8)	1(6.2)	0.555٭
Trigonocephaly			12(70.6)	3(17.6)	2(11.8)
Multiple-suture synostosis			3(75)	1(25)	0(0)
Brachycephaly			2(40)	3(60)	0(0)
Scaphocephaly			2(100)	0(0)	0(0)
Posterior plagiocephaly			3(100)	0(0)	0(0)
Age (mean (SD))			11.6(6.35)	12.21(5.40)	12.33(5.50)	0.844‡
Surgical technique (by gender) n(%)
Gender	Male	Plates and screws	10(76.9)	2(15.4)	1(7.7)	0.357†
		PDS suture	7(63.6)	4(36.4)	0(0)
	Female	Plates and screws	11(61.1)	6(33.3)	1(5.6)	0.456†
		PDS suture	2(40)	2(40)	1(20)
Types of craniosynostosis (by gender) n(%)
Gender	Male	Anterior plagiocephaly	3(75)	1(25)	0(0)	0.820٭
		Trigonocephaly	9(69.2)	3(23.1)	1(7.7)
		Multiple-suture synostosis	1(50)	1(50)	0(0)
		Brachycephaly	0(00)	1(100)	0(0)
		Scaphocephaly	2(100)	0(0)	0(0)
		Posterior plagiocephaly	2(100)	0(0)	0(0)
	Female	Anterior plagiocephaly	5(41.7)	6(50)	1(8.3)	0.528٭
		Trigonocephaly	3(75)	0(0)	1(25)
		Multiple-suture synostosis	2(100)	0(0)	0(0)
		Brachycephaly	2(50)	2(50)	0(0)
		Posterior plagiocephaly	1(100)	0(0)	0(0)
Surgical technique (by age) n(%)
Age	<1 year	Plates and screws	12(70.6)	4(32.5)	1(5.9)	0.567†
		PDS suture	4(50)	4(50)	0(0)
	≥1 year	Plates and screws	9(64.3)	4(28.6)	1(7.1)	1.00†
		PDS suture	5(62.5)	2(25)	1(12.5)
Types of craniosynostosis (by age) n(%)
Age	<1 year	Anterior plagiocephaly	4(44.4)	5(55.6)	0(0)	0.683٭
		Trigonocephaly	7(70)	2(20)	1(10)
		Multiple-suture synostosis	2(100)	0(0)	0(0)
		Brachycephaly	2(66.7)	1(33.3)	0(0)
		Posterior plagiocephaly	1(100)	0(0)	0(0)
	≥1 year	Anterior plagiocephaly	4(57.1)	2(28.6)	1(14.3)	0.513٭
		Trigonocephaly	5(71.4)	1(14.3)	1(14.3)
		Multiple-suture synostosis	1(50)	1(50)	0(0)
		Brachycephaly	0(0)	2(100)	0(0)
		Scaphocephaly	2(100)	0(0)	0(0)
		Posterior plagiocephaly	2(100)	0(0)	0(0)

٭ chi-squared test

† fisher's exact test

‡ Kruskal-Wallis test