Table 4.

Mean differences (95% CI), $P$ values, and effect size between groups

Indicators	Pre-intervention				Post-intervention
	MD (95% CI)		$P$ value	$r$/$d$	MD (95% CI)		$P$ value	$r$/$d$
RPE
Acupoint stimulation vs control	0.00	(0.00–0.00)	0.883	0.03	$-$2.00	($-$3.00 to $-$1.00)	0.001	0.57
Muscle stimulation vs control	0.00	(0.00–0.00)	0.661	0.07	$-$2.00	($-$3.00 to $-$1.00)	0.001	0.61
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	0.00	(0.00–0.00)	0.771	0.05	0.00	(0.00–1.00)	0.665	0.08
HR
Acupoint stimulation vs control	1.50	($-$4.00 to 7.00)	0.542	0.10	$-$3.75	($-$8.45 to 0.95)	0.116	0.51
Muscle stimulation vs control	$-$2.00	($-$6.00 to 4.00)	0.516	0.10	$-$7.20	($-$11.90 to $-$2.50)	0.003	0.97
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	3.50	($-$1.00 to 8.00)	0.133	0.24	3.45	($-$1.25 to 8.15)	0.147	0.46
stimulation
SCL (max)
Acupoint stimulation vs control	2.36	($-$3.36 to 7.28)	0.372	0.14	14.79	(4.74–23.98)	0.003	0.47
Muscle stimulation vs control	4.09	($-$2.26 to 10.58)	0.156	0.22	10.90	(3.76–19.53)	0.004	0.45
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	$-$2.27	($-$8.62 to 3.08)	0.449	0.13	2.73	($-$6.08 to 14.97)	0.570	0.09
stimulation
SCL (min)
Acupoint stimulation vs control	2.03	($-$3.10 to 5.72)	0.344	0.15	5.40	(0.24–13.30)	0.042	0.32
Muscle stimulation vs control	3.43	($-$1.62 to 7.93)	0.245	0.18	8.72	(3.54–13.76)	0.005	0.44
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	$-$1.54	($-$5.87 to 2.32)	0.425	0.13	$-$2.19	($-$8.74 to 4.80)	0.482	0.11
SCL (v)
Acupoint stimulation vs control	0.26	($-$1.05 to 1.33)	0.695	0.06	2.38	(0.34–5.13)	0.014	0.39
Muscle stimulation vs control	0.34	($-$1.05 to 2.17)	0.561	0.09	1.37	($-$0.17 to 4.34)	0.093	0.27
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	$-$0.28	($-$1.94 to 0.99)	0.675	0.07	0.83	($-$1.73 to 4.16)	0.490	0.11
stimulation
SCL (mean)
Acupoint stimulation vs control	2.36	($-$3.10 to 6.52)	0.344	0.15	8.99	(3.37–17.32)	0.006	0.43
Muscle stimulation vs control	3.77	($-$1.60 to 2.17)	0.152	0.23	9.90	(3.90–16.14)	0.005	0.44
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	$-$1.52	($-$6.44 to 2.88)	0.499	0.11	$-$0.02	($-$8.02 to 7.89)	1.000	0.00
stimulation
HRV (hf)
Acupoint stimulation vs control	$-$0.18	($-$5.07 to 4.71)	0.942	0.02	6.30	($-$2.36 to 16.42)	0.130	0.24
Muscle stimulation vs control	1.07	($-$3.82 to 5.96)	0.663	0.14	$-$5.53	($-$13.79 to 0.36)	0.070	0.29
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	$-$1.25	($-$6.13 to 3.64)	0.611	0.16	12.47	(2.74–23.68)	0.012	0.40
stimulation
HRV (lf)
Acupoint stimulation vs control	$-$0.83	($-$4.24 to 3.01)	0.607	0.08	3.04	($-$3.32 to 10.02)	0.365	0.14
Muscle stimulation vs control	$-$0.075	($-$3.53 to 3.83)	0.968	0.007	$-$4.06	($-$8.49 to 1.24)	0.110	0.25
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	$-$0.74	($-$3.93 to 3.05)	0.655	0.07	5.70	($-$0.07 to 12.79)	0.051	0.31
stimulation
HRV (lf/hf)
Acupoint stimulation vs control	$-$0.03	($-$0.12 to 0.06)	0.486	0.22	$-$0.03	($-$0.12 to 0.05)	0.426	0.23
Muscle stimulation vs control	$-$0.04	($-$0.13 to 0.05)	0.356	0.29	$-$0.004	($-$0.09 to 0.08)	0.933	0.03
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	0.01	($-$0.08 to 0.10)	0.819	0.001	$-$0.03	($-$0.11 to 0.05)	0.475	0.23
stimulation
SPO${}_2$ (mean)
Acupoint stimulation vs control	0.00	($-$0.40 to 0.30)	0.967	0.06	$-$0.40	($-$1.80 to 0.30)	0.243	0.18
Muscle stimulation vs control	0.20	(0.00–0.50)	0.107	0.26	$-$0.30	($-$1.40 to 0.40)	0.401	0.13
Acupoint stimulation vs muscle	$-$0.15	($-$0.70 to 0.10)	0.144	0.23	$-$0.10	($-$1.40 to 0.80)	0.829	0.03
stimulation