Figure 3.

Impact of vitamin A status on responding immune cell phenotypes recovered from infected lung of guinea pigs. Leukocytes recovered by terminal bronchoalveolar lavage at day 60 of infection were phenotyped using flow cytometry. Shown are comparative proportions between VAD (open circle), VAS (closed circle), and VAD guinea pigs resupplemented with vitamin A at 30 days after infection (open square). A, Comparison of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells among CD45⁺ lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage at day 60 of infection. B, Representative flow cytometry contour plots demonstrating CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ among gated CD45⁺ lymphocytes in VAS and VAD guinea pigs. C, Comparison of proportions of lymphocytes and myeloid populations among total CD45⁺ immune cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage at day 60 of infection. Similar differences in immune phenotypes were also identified in cell suspensions from isolated lung granulomas (Supplementary Figure E7). Abbreviations: FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; VAD, vitamin A deficient; VAS, vitamin A sufficient.