Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Cases and Controls
| Characteristic | Case (N = 60) n (%) or Median (IQR) | Na | Control (N = 251) n (%) or Median (IQR) | Na |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | 38.0 (31.0–43.5) | 60 | 38.0 (32.0–45.0) | 251 |
| Female | 33 (55.0) | 60 | 149 (59.4) | 251 |
| Living with spouse/partner | 28 (46.7) | 60 | 107 (42.6) | 251 |
| Education | 60 | 251 | ||
| No school | 22 (36.7) | 72 (28.7) | ||
| Primary school | 14 (23.3) | 73 (29.1) | ||
| Secondary school or more | 24 (40.0) | 106 (42.2) | ||
| Annual income ≤$129/year | 39 (65.0) | 60 | 152 (60.6) | 251 |
| History of tuberculosis disease | 16 (26.7) | 60 | 38 (15.1) | 251 |
| Positive tuberculin skin test (≥5 mm) | 22 (44.9) | 49 | 65 (29.0) | 224 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 60 | 251 | ||
| Underweight | 15 (25.0) | 32 (12.8) | ||
| Overweight | 10 (16.7) | 37 (14.7) | ||
| Normal | 35 (58.3) | 182 (72.5) | ||
| Use of antiretroviral therapy | 58 (96.7) | 60 | 239 (95.2) | 251 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus clinical stage | 60 | 251 | ||
| 1 | 12 (20.0) | 66 (26.3) | ||
| 2 | 32 (53.3) | 147 (58.6) | ||
| 3 | 16 (26.7) | 38 (15.1) | ||
| 4 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Baseline CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 282.0 (239.5–311.0) | 60 | 282.0 (255.0–312.0) | 251 |
| Baseline hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.5 (10.2–12.5) | 60 | 11.7 (10.6–12.9) | 251 |
| Baseline C-reactive protein (ng/mL) | 1220.5 (671.3) | 60 | 1352.0 (556.0–3790.0) | 245 |
| Highest tertile | 12 728.0 (5590.0–20 957.0) | 21 | 6708.5 (4032.0–10 450.0) | 81 |
| Middle tertile | 1129.5 (899.0–1650.0) | 23 | 1417.0 (1095.0–1789.0) | 79 |
| Lowest tertile | 299.5 (160.0–359.5) | 16 | 282.0 (158.5–566.0) | 85 |
| Vitamin A deficiency (<20 µg/dL) | 19 (31.7) | 60 | 21 (8.4) | 251 |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
a
Number of participants with data for corresponding variable.