Table 3.
Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for hypertension (HTN) by total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) concentrations in the study population of pre- and postmenopausal women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007–2010
| Variable | Total 25(OH)D (nmol/l) | 25(OH)D3 (nmol/l) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. HTN/no. participants | Model A | Model B | No. HTN/no. participant | Model A | Model B | |||||
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |||
| Premenopausal women (n 2098) | ||||||||||
| <30 (deficient) | 49/238 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 64/292 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 30–49·99 (insufficient) | 113/586 | 1·20 | 0·78, 1·85 | 1·23 | 0·79, 1·92 | 107/605 | 1·03 | 0·73, 1·44 | 1·06 | 0·75, 1·52 |
| ≥50 (sufficient) | 166/1274 | 0·59 | 0·37, 0·95* | 0·64 | 0·39, 1·02† | 157/1201 | 0·55 | 0·33, 0·91* | 0·60 | 0·36, 1·00† |
| P trend | 0·002 | 0·005 | 0·005 | 0·014 | ||||||
| Postmenopausal women (n 2298) | ||||||||||
| <30 (deficient) | 142/195 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 223/309 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 30–49·99 (insufficient) | 328/505 | 0·67 | 0·43, 1·04† | 0·68 | 0·44, 1·04† | 365/562 | 0·76 | 0·49, 1·18 | 0·80 | 0·51, 1·25 |
| ≥50 (sufficient) | 1003/1598 | 0·66 | 0·43, 1·01† | 0·71 | 0·47, 1·09 | 885/1427 | 0·72 | 0·52, 0·99* | 0·78 | 0·55, 1·09 |
| P trend | 0·145 | 0·364 | 0·032 | 0·155 | ||||||
| P interaction | 0·053 | 0·059 | 0·086 | 0·114 | ||||||
Ref., reference category.
Model A was adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, season of examination, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking status.
Model B: Model A + further adjusted for dietary covariates (intakes of total food energy, K, Ca, Mg and Na).
*P < 0·05, †P < 0·1 compared with the reference group (vitamin concentrations <30 nmol/l).