Table 3.
Univariate analysis: main breast-feeding indicators by selected predictive factors. Pooled analysis of data from the two national breast-feeding prevalence studies in Greece (2007 and 2017)
| EBF1 | ABF6 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | % | PR | 95 % CI | n/N | % | PR | 95 % CI | |
| Study | ||||||||
| 2007 | 119/575 | 20·7 | Ref. | – | 129/586 | 22·0 | Ref. | – |
| 2017 | 204/510 | 40·0 | 1·93 | 1·53, 2·44 | 246/542 | 45·4 | 2·06 | 1·71, 2·49 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 189/527 | 35·9 | Ref. | – | 202/545 | 37·1 | Ref. | – |
| Caesarean section | 133/557 | 23·9 | 0·67 | 0·56, 0·80 | 171/581 | 29·4 | 0·79 | 0·68, 0·93 |
| Infant gender | ||||||||
| Male | 154/574 | 26·8 | Ref. | – | 200/599 | 33·4 | Ref. | – |
| Female | 169/511 | 33·1 | 1·23 | 1·03, 1·47 | 175/529 | 33·1 | 0·99 | 0·84, 1·17 |
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||||
| 16–24 | 19/94 | 20·2 | Ref. | – | 30/99 | 30·3 | Ref. | – |
| 25–34 | 197/672 | 29·3 | 1·45 | 0·95, 2·20 | 225/700 | 32·1 | 1·06 | 0·75, 1·50 |
| ≥35 | 105/313 | 33·5 | 1·66 | 1·09, 2·51 | 116/318 | 36·5 | 1·20 | 0·84, 1·72 |
| Maternal country of origin | ||||||||
| Greece | 283/938 | 30·2 | Ref. | – | 296/965 | 30·7 | Ref. | – |
| Albania | 22/77 | 28·6 | 0·95 | 0·63, 1·42 | 47/82 | 57·3 | 1·87 | 1·49, 2·34 |
| Other | 16/67 | 23·9 | 0·79 | 0·50, 1·25 | 28/73 | 38·4 | 1·25 | 0·95, 1·64 |
| Maternal educational attainment | ||||||||
| Primary, secondary and post-secondary education | 146/618 | 23·6 | Ref. | – | 170/639 | 26·6 | Ref. | – |
| Tertiary education | 175/462 | 37·9 | 1·60 | 1·31, 1·97 | 199/479 | 41·5 | 1·56 | 1·30, 1·87 |
| Private insurance | ||||||||
| No | 247/874 | 28·3 | Ref. | – | 308/902 | 34·1 | Ref. | – |
| Yes | 70/198 | 35·4 | 1·25 | 0·97, 1·61 | 58/203 | 28·6 | 0·84 | 0·66, 1·05 |
| Maternal employment during pregnancy | ||||||||
| No | 110/401 | 27·4 | Ref | – | 130/421 | 30·9 | Ref. | – |
| Yes | 210/681 | 30·8 | 1·12 | 0·92, 1·38 | 241/699 | 34·5 | 1·12 | 0·93, 1·34 |
| Maternal smoking at the time of interview | ||||||||
| No | 268/790 | 33·9 | Ref. | – | 336/822 | 40·9 | Ref. | – |
| Yes | 54/294 | 18·4 | 0·54 | 0·41, 0·71 | 37/301 | 12·3 | 0·30 | 0·22, 0·40 |
| Maternity hospital type | ||||||||
| Public | 147/503 | 29·2 | Ref. | – | 185/532 | 34·8 | Ref. | – |
| Private | 176/582 | 30·2 | 1·04 | 0·82, 1·31 | 190/596 | 31·9 | 0·92 | 0·74, 1·13 |
| Preterm birth | ||||||||
| No (≥37 weeks) | 291/950 | 30·6 | Ref. | – | 331/984 | 33·6 | Ref. | – |
| Yes (<37 weeks) | 20/109 | 18·3 | 0·60 | 0·42, 0·87 | 27/112 | 24·1 | 0·72 | 0·49, 1·04 |
| Low birth weight | ||||||||
| No (≥2500 g) | 313/997 | 31·4 | Ref. | – | 362/1037 | 34·9 | Ref. | – |
| Yes (<2500 g) | 10/88 | 11·4 | 0·36 | 0·18, 0·71 | 13/91 | 14·3 | 0·41 | 0·25, 0·67 |
| Skin-to-skin contact within first hour of birth | ||||||||
| No | 137/605 | 22·6 | Ref. | – | 185/628 | 29·5 | Ref. | – |
| Yes | 185/415 | 44·6 | 1·97 | 1·62, 2·39 | 186/430 | 43·3 | 1·47 | 1·27, 1·70 |
| Rooming-in | ||||||||
| No | 115/488 | 23·6 | Ref. | – | 135/499 | 27·1 | Ref. | – |
| Yes | 208/595 | 35·0 | 1·48 | 1·18, 1·87 | 238/625 | 38·1 | 1·41 | 1·12, 1·77 |
| Prescription for infant formula on discharge from maternity hospital | ||||||||
| No | 180/442 | 40·7 | Ref. | – | 201/455 | 44·2 | Ref. | – |
| Yes | 136/619 | 22·0 | 0·54 | 0·44, 0·66 | 161/639 | 25·2 | 0·57 | 0·47, 0·69 |
| Free sample of infant formula on discharge from maternity hospital | ||||||||
| No | 263/765 | 34·4 | Ref. | – | 285/788 | 36·2 | Ref. | – |
| Yes | 54/298 | 18·1 | 0·53 | 0·40, 0·69 | 76/309 | 24·6 | 0·68 | 0·54, 0·85 |
EBF1, exclusive breast-feeding at the 1st completed month of age; ABF6, any breast-feeding at the 6th completed month of age; PR, prevalence ratio; ref., reference category.