. 2019 Jun 28;23(2):243–253. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019001496

Table 3.

Average servings per day of food items by latent dietary profile for American adults aged 65 years or older, 2012 Health and Retirement Study/2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study^*

	Latent dietary profile
	‘Healthy’		‘Western’		‘High Intake’		‘Low Intake’
	Mean	sd ^†	Mean	sd ^†	Mean	sd ^†	Mean	sd ^†	F ^†	P ^†
Vegetables, fruits and legumes
Other vegetables	1·3^a	0·9	0·7^b	0·4	1·6^c	0·8	0·3^d	0·3	1015·4	<0·001
Dark yellow vegetables	0·5^a	0·5	0·2^b	0·2	0·5^a	0·4	0·1^c	0·1	681·9	<0·001
Leafy vegetables	0·7^a	0·5	0·3^b	0·3	0·7^c	0·5	0·1^d	0·1	739·5	<0·001
Cruciferous vegetables	0·5^a	0·4	0·2^b	0·2	0·5^a	0·4	0·1^c	0·1	600·2	<0·001
Fruit	2·1^a	1·3	1·2^b	0·9	2·1^a	1·3	0·8^c	0·8	374·0	<0·001
Tomatoes	0·6^a	0·5	0·4^b	0·4	0·8^c	0·5	0·2^d	0·2	376·4	<0·001
Legumes	0·3^a	0·3	0·1^b	0·1	0·3^c	0·3	0·1^d	0·1	354·2	<0·001
Red meat and processed foods
Red meat	0·2^a	0·2	0·4^b	0·3	0·6^c	0·4	0·3^d	0·2	439·4	<0·001
Processed meat	0·1^a	0·2	0·4^b	0·3	0·5^c	0·4	0·2^d	0·4	445·1	<0·001
French fries	0·0^a	0·0	0·1^b	0·1	0·1^b	0·1	0·1^c	0·1	195·8	<0·001
Refined grains	0·5^a	0·5	1·1^b	1·0	1·2^c	0·9	0·9^d	0·9	184·8	<0·001
Sweets	0·7^a	0·7	1·4^b	1·5	1·7^c	1·5	1·0^d	1·2	201·7	<0·001
Potatoes	0·1^a	0·2	0·2^b	0·2	0·3^c	0·2	0·1^a	0·1	243·1	<0·001
Pizza	0·0^a	0·0	0·1^b	0·1	0·1^c	0·1	0·0^d	0·0	189·8	<0·001
Snacks	0·4^a	0·4	0·6^b	0·6	0·8^c	0·7	0·4^a	0·5	215·0	<0·001
Butter/margarine	0·5^a	0·7	1·1^b	1·2	1·3^c	1·2	0·7^d	1·0	217·6	<0·001
Ungrouped foods
Alcohol	0·4^a	0·7	0·4^a	0·9	0·5^b	0·9	0·3^c	0·7	35·8	<0·001
Coffee	1·3^a	1·4	1·6^b	1·4	1·8^b	1·4	1·2^a	1·3	34·7	<0·001
Cold cereal	0·3^a	0·4	0·3^b	0·4	0·3^b	0·4	0·3^a	0·5	27·2	<0·001
Condiments	1·2^a	1·3	1·9^b	1·8	2·1^c	1·8	1·6^d	1·5	77·7	<0·001
Cream soup	0·0^a	0·0	0·0^b	0·1	0·1^c	0·1	0·0^a	0·0	157·9	<0·001
Eggs	0·4^a	0·4	0·4^a	0·5	0·6^b	0·5	0·4^c	0·5	117·5	<0·001
Fish seafood	0·3^a	0·3	0·2^b	0·1	0·3^c	0·2	0·1^d	0·1	221·6	<0·001
Fruit juice	0·4^a	0·7	0·5^b	0·6	0·7^c	0·7	0·4^a	0·6	89·7	<0·001
High-fat dairy	0·6^a	0·6	1·0^b	0·9	1·2^c	0·9	0·6^a	0·7	219·9	<0·001
High-energy drinks	0·1^a	0·2	0·4^b,c	0·7	0·3^b,d	0·5	0·4^c,d	0·7	127·3	<0·001
Low-fat dairy	1·0^a	1·0	0·8^b	0·9	1·0^a	1·0	0·8^c	1·0	47·9	<0·001
Low-energy drinks	0·1^a	0·4	0·3^b,c	0·6	0·3^b	0·6	0·3^c	0·7	52·8	<0·001
Mayonnaise and cream dressing	0·4^a	0·5	0·4^b	0·4	0·7^c	0·6	0·2^d	0·4	148·1	<0·001
Nuts	0·8^a	0·9	0·5^b	0·6	0·9^c	0·8	0·4^d	0·7	158·4	<0·001
Olive oil	0·3^a	0·7	0·1^b	0·2	0·2^a,c	0·6	0·1^c	0·5	184·7	<0·001
Organ meat	0·0^a	0·1	0·0^b	0·1	0·0^b	0·1	0·0^a	0·1	25·1	<0·001
Poultry	0·3^a	0·3	0·3^b	0·3	0·4^c	0·3	0·2^a	0·2	172·7	<0·001
Tea	0·8^a	1·2	0·4^b	0·9	0·6^a	1·1	0·3^c	0·9	94·4	<0·001
Whole grains	1·2^a	1·1	0·7^b	0·8	1·2^c	1·0	0·6^d	0·9	159·5	<0·001
Analytic sample size	552		1495		1058		453
Estimated population size	5 436 762		14 740 699		10 170 789		4 686 946

^a,b,c,d Mean values within row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (α level for statistical significance identified with Bonferroni correction).

All estimates and statistical tests excluding sd account for the complex survey design.

^†

Mean and sd reported for non-log-transformed food groups, statistical tests based on log-transformed food groups.