. 2020 May 7;23(12):2132–2144. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019005111

Table 4.

Multivariable associations between changes in study variables and changes in dietary outcomes from T1 to T2 for conceptually relevant mediation relationships

Outcome change variables	Independent change variables^†	Pre-adjustment		Post-adjustment
Outcome change variables	Independent change variables^†	β ^‡	95 % CI	β ^‡	95 % CI
Healthy diet	Frequency of eating meals bought from a canteen or takeaway food shop	–0·088***	–0·139, –0·038	–0·086**	–0·137, –0·036
Healthy diet	MRFEI within 1·6 km road network buffer	0·003**	0·001, 0·005	0·003*	0·001, 0·005
Fruit/vegetable intake	Frequency of eating meals bought from a canteen or takeaway food shop	–0·068**	–0·114, –0·022	–0·066**	–0·113, –0·020
Fruit/vegetable intake	MRFEI within 1·6 km road network buffer	0·002*	0·000, 0·004	0·002*	0·001, 0·004
Unhealthy diet	Frequency of eating meals bought from a canteen or takeaway food shop	0·290***	0·212, 0·368	0·285***	0·207, 0·363
Unhealthy diet	Count convenience stores within 1·6 km road network buffer	0·049*	0·010, 0·089	0·041*	0·002, 0·080
Unhealthy diet	Frequency of eating meals bought from a canteen or takeaway food shop	0·290***	0·212, 0·368	0·285***	0·207, 0·363
Unhealthy diet	Count café restaurants within 1·6 km road network buffer	0·020**	0·007, 0·033	0·018**	0·005, 0·030
Unhealthy diet	Frequency of eating meals bought from a restaurant or café	0·169***	0·078, 0·259	0·160***	0·068, 0·249
Unhealthy diet	Count café restaurants within 1·6 km road network buffer	0·020**	0·007, 0·033	0·018**	0·005, 0·031
Unhealthy diet	Presence of a café/restaurant within 15 min walk of home^§
	Decrease (yes to no)	0·011	–0·231, 0·253	0·050	–0·192, 0·293
	Increase (no to yes)	0·402*	0·015, 0·788	0·392*	0·056, 0·709
	Count café restaurants within 1·6 km road network buffer	0·020**	0·007, 0·033	0·019**	0·006, 0·032

MRFEI, modified retail food environment index (higher numbers mean a greater percentage of healthy food outlets).

^†

Mediation analyses conducted using the significant (P ≤ 0·05) change variables from single factor associations.

^‡

Adjusted for all baseline participant characteristics, baseline diet, time between T1 and T2 questionnaire completion, self-selection variables and accounting for clustering in the seventy-three new developments. Significant results in bold. *P ≤ 0·05, **P ≤ 0·01, ***P ≤ 0·001.

^§

Reference level = no change.