Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants: older men and women aged 60–87 years who participated in the baseline (2006–2008) and follow-up studies (2008–2010) of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences–Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA) in Japan
| Men(n 292) | Women(n 363) | P * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean or n | sd or % | Mean or n | sd or % | ||
| Age (years), mean and sd | 68·8 | 6·0 | 69·8 | 6·5 | 0·046 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean and sd | 24·3 | 2·2 | 23·5 | 2·8 | <0·001 |
| Body weight (kg), mean and sd | 65·2 | 7·0 | 53·4 | 7·0 | <0·001 |
| Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg), mean and sd | 20·8 | 2·0 | 14·0 | 1·6 | <0·001 |
| Skeletal muscle index (kg/m2), mean and sd | 7·70 | 0·50 | 6·10 | 0·50 | <0·001 |
| Total physical activity (MET × h/d), mean and sd | 34·10 | 3·80 | 35·10 | 2·60 | <0·001 |
| Current smoker, n and % | 54 | 18·5 | 10 | 2·8 | <0·0001 |
| Education ≤ 9 years, n and % | 80 | 27·4 | 118 | 32·5 | 0·157 |
| Annual family income < 3 500 000 Yen, n and % | 80 | 27·4 | 150 | 41·3 | <0·001 |
| Employment, n and % | 143 | 49·0 | 91 | 25·1 | <0·001 |
| Heart disease, n and % | 23 | 7·9 | 17 | 4·7 | 0·090 |
| Hypertension, n and % | 137 | 46·9 | 150 | 41·3 | 0·151 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n and % | 67 | 23·0 | 109 | 30·0 | 0·042 |
| Diabetes, n and % | 35 | 12·0 | 42 | 11·6 | 0·870 |
MET, metabolic equivalent of task.
*
P value from the t test for continuous variables or the χ 2 test for categorical variables.