Table 3.
OR (95 % Cl) for muscle mass decline* according to tertile of protein intake per day or for three meals among older men and women aged 60–87 years who participated in the baseline (2006–2008) and follow-up studies (2008–2010) of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences–Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA) in Japan
| Tertile of protein intake | P trend | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (low) | T2 | T3 (high) | ||||||
| Range, n or OR | Range, n or OR | 95 % CI | P | Range, n or OR | 95 % CI | P | ||
| Men (n 292) | ||||||||
| Protein intake per day (range, g/d) | ≥44·6–78·5 | >78·5–90·7 | >90·7–162·0 | |||||
| Number of muscle mass decline/total | 11/96 | 5/96 | 5/100 | |||||
| Multiple-adjusted OR | 1·00 (reference) | 0·21 | 0·05, 0·87 | 0·031 | 0·24 | 0·06, 1·06 | 0·060 | 0·024 |
| Protein intake at breakfast (range, g/breakfast) | ≥0–18·6 | >18·6–25·2 | >25·2–51·5 | |||||
| Number of muscle mass decline/total | 6/96 | 9/96 | 6/100 | |||||
| Multiple-adjusted OR | 1·00 (reference) | 0·99 | 0·26, 3·74 | 0·986 | 0·77 | 0·18, 3·23 | 0·716 | 0·778 |
| Protein intake at lunch (range, g/lunch) | ≥4·6–22·6 | >22·6–29·1 | >29·1–109·9 | |||||
| Number of muscle mass decline/total | 14/96 | 5/96 | 2/100 | |||||
| Multiple-adjusted OR | 1·00 (reference) | 0·36 | 0·09, 1·38 | 0·136 | 0·11 | 0·02, 0·61 | 0·012 | 0·008 |
| Protein intake at dinner (range, g/dinner) | ≥14·3–32·2 | >32·2–40·6 | >40·6–80·3 | |||||
| Number of muscle mass decline/total | 10/96 | 2/96 | 9/100 | |||||
| Multiple-adjusted OR | 1·00 (reference) | 0·24 | 0·05, 1·29 | 0·097 | 0·65 | 0·19, 2·23 | 0·495 | 0·189 |
| Women (n 363) | ||||||||
| Protein intake per day (range, g/d) | ≥24·6–64·7 | >64·7–75·1 | >75·1–119·9 | |||||
| Number of muscle mass decline/total | 9/119 | 5/120 | 7/124 | |||||
| Multiple-adjusted OR | 1·00 (reference) | 0·50 | 0·13, 1·93 | 0·317 | 0·82 | 0·24, 2·83 | 0·757 | 0·524 |
| Protein intake at breakfast (range, g/breakfast) | ≥0–16·1 | >16·1–21·6 | >21·6–41·3 | |||||
| Number of muscle mass decline/total | 7/119 | 6/120 | 8/124 | |||||
| Multiple-adjusted OR | 1·00 (reference) | 0·68 | 0·19, 2·49 | 0·564 | 1·14 | 0·31, 4·20 | 0·839 | 0·949 |
| Protein intake at lunch (range, g/lunch) | ≥5·9–19·5 | >19·5–25·4 | >25·4–48·7 | |||||
| Number of muscle mass decline/total | 8/119 | 9/120 | 4/124 | |||||
| Multiple-adjusted OR | 1·00 (reference) | 0·66 | 0·18, 2·37 | 0·524 | 0·29 | 0·07, 1·25 | 0·096 | 0·122 |
| Protein intake at dinner (range, g/dinner) | ≥5·3–25·6 | >25·6–30·9 | >30·9–50·0 | |||||
| Number of muscle mass decline/total | 8/119 | 7/120 | 6/124 | |||||
| Multiple-adjusted OR | 1·00 (reference) | 1·13 | 0·32, 3·98 | 0·853 | 0·94 | 0·24, 3·65 | 0·932 | 0·999 |
*
Adjusted for age (years, continuous), education (≤9, ≥10 years), skeletal muscle index at baseline (continuous), total physical activity (continuous), currently smoking (yes or no), and history of heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and/or diabetes (yes or no).