Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample of households by food security (FS) and food insecurity (FI) levels at baseline; Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil, 2011
| Baseline characteristics (n 358) | Food (in)security baseline (2011) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FS (n 159) | Mild FI (n 111) | Moderate FI (n 46) | Severe FI (n 42) | |||||
| % or Mean | sd | % or Mean | sd | % or Mean | sd | % or Mean | sd | |
| Minimum wage multiples per capita***,† | ||||||||
| Up to ¼ minimum wage | 21·4 | – | 46·9 | – | 67·4 | – | 71·4 | – |
| Above ¼ to ½ minimum wage | 23·9 | – | 23·4 | – | 19·6 | – | 21·4 | – |
| Above ½ to 1 minimum wage | 29·6 | – | 24·3 | – | 13·0 | – | 4·8 | – |
| Above 1 minimum wage | 25·2 | – | 5·4 | – | – | – | 2·4 | – |
| Household income ($US)*** | 899·2 | 1135·2 | 467·9 | 471·1 | 249·5 | 271·5 | 195·9 | 234·7 |
| Participants of PBF*** | 28·3 | – | 54·9 | – | 69·6 | – | 66·7 | – |
| Total cash transfer amount ($US)*** | 19·7 | 35·7 | 40·6 | 40·4 | 50·9 | 40·0 | 53·3 | 44·7 |
| Household income dependency on PBF*** | ||||||||
| 0 % | 71·7 | – | 45·1 | – | 33·4 | – | 33·3 | – |
| Between 0·1 and 50 % | 23·3 | – | 50·4 | – | 39·2 | – | 38·1 | – |
| More than 50 % | 5·0 | – | 4·5 | – | 30·4 | – | 28·6 | – |
| Urban region*** | 81·8 | – | 62·2 | – | 52·2 | – | 50·0 | – |
| Own house*** | 70·5 | – | 59·0 | – | 48·8 | – | 26·5 | – |
| Above four household members* | 18·9 | – | 26·1 | – | 37·0 | – | 26·1 | – |
| No children under 18 years in household* | 45·9 | – | 33·3 | – | 26·1 | – | 35·7 | – |
| No workers in household | 30·8 | – | 25·2 | – | 26·1 | – | 35·7 | – |
| No retirees in household*** | 55·4 | – | 73·6 | – | 78·3 | – | 87·8 | – |
| No member with high education in household*** | 51·6 | – | 77·5 | – | 82·6 | – | 88·1 | – |
| Food production for self-consumption** | 39·6 | – | 54·1 | – | 60·9 | – | 59·5 | – |
| Beneficiary of emergency cash benefits* | 12·8 | – | 14·0 | – | 23·8 | – | 32·3 | – |
| Beneficiary of food assistance programmes | 4·7 | – | 7·0 | – | 11·6 | – | 14·7 | – |
PBF, Bolsa Família (cash transfer programme).
χ2 test comparing proportion of food (in)security and test t comparing mean of household income and cash transfer amount: *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001.
†
Minimum wage in Brazil in 2011: $US 340·6 (R$ 545 (Brazilian real)).